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December 1
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===1901–present=== *[[1913]] – The [[Buenos Aires Underground|Buenos Aires Metro]], the first underground railway system in the [[Southern Hemisphere]] and in Latin America, begins operation.<ref>[http://blogs.lanacion.com.ar/historia-argentina/historia/el-primer-subte/ El primer subte] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419212655/http://blogs.lanacion.com.ar/historia-argentina/historia/el-primer-subte/ |date=2015-04-19 }} – [[La Nación]], 22 December 2010.</ref> * 1913 – [[Crete]], having obtained [[self rule]] from [[Turkey]] after the [[First Balkan War]], is annexed by Greece. *[[1918]] – [[Transylvania]] [[Union of Transylvania with Romania|unites]] with [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]], following the incorporation of [[Bessarabia]] ([[March 27]]) and [[Bukovina]] ([[November 28]]) and thus concluding the [[Great Union]]. * 1918 – [[Kingdom of Iceland|Iceland]] becomes a [[Danish–Icelandic Act of Union|sovereign state]], yet remains a part of the Danish kingdom. * 1918 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]) is proclaimed. *[[1919]] – [[Nancy Astor|Lady Astor]] becomes the first female [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) to take her seat in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]]. (She had been elected to that position on November 28.) *[[1924]] – The [[National Hockey League]]'s first United States–based franchise, the [[Boston Bruins]], plays their first game in league play at home, at the still-extant [[Matthews Arena|Boston Arena]] indoor hockey facility.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-hockey-came-to-the-u-s-on-dec-1-1924/c-395417 |title=NHL hockey came to the U.S. on Dec. 1, 1924 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=December 1, 2008 |website=nhl.com |publisher=National Hockey League |access-date=December 4, 2016 |quote=The National Hockey League celebrates another historic anniversary...remembering the first NHL game played in the United States, as the Boston Bruins hosted the Montreal Maroons, both expansion teams, at the Boston Arena on Dec. 1, 1924.}}</ref> * 1924 – A Soviet-backed communist [[1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt]] fails in [[Estonia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ERR |first=ERR News |date=2024-12-01 |title=History: The 1924 December coup attempt in Estonia |url=https://news.err.ee/1609534957/history-the-1924-december-coup-attempt-in-estonia |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=ERR |language=en}}</ref> *[[1934]] – [[Sergei Kirov]] is [[Assassination of Sergei Kirov|assassinated]], paving way for the repressive [[Great Purge]], and [[Vinnytsia massacre]] by [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]], [[Joseph Stalin]].<ref>[https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/k/knight-kirov.html Who Killed Kirov? The Kremlin's Greatest Mystery]</ref> *[[1939]] – [[World War II]]: A day after the beginning of the [[Winter War]] in [[Finland]], the [[Cajander III Cabinet]] resigns and is replaced by the [[Ryti I Cabinet]], while the [[Parliament of Finland|Finnish Parliament]] move from [[Helsinki]] to [[Kauhajoki]] to escape the [[Bombing of Helsinki in World War II|Soviet airstrikes]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2, 2006 |title=Eduskunnan viettää muistojuhlaa Kauhajoella 2.–3.12.2006 |trans-title=The Parliament will celebrate a commemorative party at Kauhajoki on December 2–3, 2006 |url=http://web.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/pubman/templates/1.htx?id=559 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130429163320/http://web.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/pubman/templates/1.htx?id=559 |archive-date=April 29, 2013 |access-date=November 30, 2021 |publisher=[[Eduskunta]] |language=fi}}</ref> * 1939 – The Soviet Union establishes the [[Finnish Democratic Republic]] puppet state in [[Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg|Terijoki]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Terijoen hallitus |last=Jussila |first=Osmo |year=1985 |location=Porvoo, Helsinki |publisher=[[Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö|WSOY]] |isbn=951-0-12686-1 |language=fi}}</ref> *[[1941]] – World War II: Emperor [[Hirohito]] of Japan gives his tacit approval to the decision of the imperial council to initiate war against the United States.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Chinese Historians: The Journal of the Chinese Historians in the United States, Inc. |title=none |publisher=Chinese Historians in the United States, Incorporated |year=1992 |volume=5–6 |page=49}}</ref> * 1941 – World War II: [[Fiorello La Guardia]], [[Mayor of New York City]] and Director of the [[Office of Civilian Defense]], signs [[s:Administrative Order 9|Administrative Order 9]], creating the [[Civil Air Patrol]]. *[[1952]] – The ''[[New York Daily News]]'' reports the news of [[Christine Jorgensen]], the first notable case of [[Gender-affirming surgery|sex reassignment surgery]]. *[[1955]] – [[Civil rights movement|American Civil Rights Movement]]: In [[Montgomery, Alabama]], seamstress [[Rosa Parks]] refuses to give up her bus seat to a white man and is arrested for violating the city's [[racial segregation]] laws, an incident which leads to that city's [[Montgomery bus boycott|bus boycott]]. *[[1958]] – The [[Central African Republic]] attains self-rule within the [[French Union]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kalck |first=Pierre |title=Historical dictionary of the Central African Republic |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, Md |year=2005 |isbn=9780810849136 |page=198}}</ref> * 1958 – The [[Our Lady of the Angels School fire]] in Chicago kills 92 children and three nuns. *[[1959]] – [[Cold War]]: Opening date for signature of the [[Antarctic Treaty System|Antarctic Treaty]], which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent. *[[1960]] – [[Patrice Lumumba]] is arrested by [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]'s men on the banks of the [[Sankuru River]], for inciting the army to rebellion.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/patrice-lumumba-50th-anniversary-assassination][https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/congolese-activistpatrice-lumumba-briefly-arrested][https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt21pxknd Patrice Lumumba is Captured in the Congo]</ref> *[[1963]] – [[Nagaland]], became the 16th state of India.<ref>[https://nagaland.gov.in/pages/nagaland-profile Nagaland]</ref> *[[1964]] – [[Vietnam War]]: U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] and his top-ranking advisers meet to discuss plans to bomb [[North Vietnam]]. *[[1969]] – Vietnam War: The first [[draft lottery (1969)|draft lottery]] in the United States is held since [[World War II]]. *[[1971]] – [[Cambodian Civil War]]: [[Khmer Rouge]] rebels intensify assaults on [[Cambodia]]n government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray. * 1971 – Purge of [[Croatian Spring]] leaders starts in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] at the meeting of the [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia|League of Communists]] at the [[Karađorđevo estate]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ramet |first=Sabrina P. |author-link=Sabrina P. Ramet |title=The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=Bloomington |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC |isbn=978-0-253-34656-8 |page=257}}</ref> *[[1973]] – [[Papua New Guinea]] gains self-government from Australia. *[[1974]] – [[TWA Flight 514]], a [[Boeing 727]], crashes northwest of [[Dulles International Airport]], killing all 92 people on board. * 1974 – [[Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231]], another Boeing 727, crashes northwest of [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]. *[[1981]] – [[Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308]], a [[McDonnell Douglas MD-80]], crashes in [[Corsica]], killing all 180 people on board. *[[1984]] – [[NASA]] conducts the [[Controlled Impact Demonstration]], wherein an airliner is deliberately crashed in order to test technologies and gather data to help improve survivability of crashes. *[[1988]] – [[World AIDS Day]] is proclaimed worldwide by the [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]].<ref name=Hewitt>{{cite web |title=Day Without Art at Thirty |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2019/12/02/a-day-without-art-at-thirty/ |website=Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |access-date=1 December 2020 |date=2 December 2019}}</ref> * 1988 – [[Benazir Bhutto]], is named as the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], becoming the first female leader to lead a Muslim nation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhutto Named Prime Minister of Pakistan : First Woman to Head a Muslim Nation to Take Oath Today in Transition to Democratic Rule |date=1988-12-02 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201231614/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-12-02-mn-942-story.html |archive-date=2022-12-01 |url-status=live |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-12-02-mn-942-story.html}}</ref> *[[1989]] – [[1989 Philippine coup attempt|Philippine coup attempt]]: The right-wing military rebel [[Reform the Armed Forces Movement]] attempts to oust [[President of the Philippines|Philippine President]] [[Corazon Aquino]] in a failed bloody [[coup d'état]]. * 1989 – [[Cold War]]: [[East Germany]]'s parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the Communist Party the leading role in the state. *[[1990]] – [[Channel Tunnel]] sections started from the United Kingdom and France meet beneath the seabed.<ref>{{cite web |title=1990: Tunnel links UK and Europe |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/1/newsid_2516000/2516473.stm |website=BBC News |access-date=1 December 2020 |date=1 December 1990}}</ref> *[[1991]] – Cold War: [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] voters overwhelmingly approve a [[1991 Ukrainian independence referendum|referendum for independence]] from the [[Soviet Union]]. *[[1997]] – In the Indian state of [[Bihar]], [[Ranvir Sena]] attacks the [[Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity|CPI (ML) Party Unity]] stronghold Lakshmanpur-Bathe, killing 63 lower caste people. * 1997 – Fourteen-year-old Michael Carneal [[1997 Heath High School shooting|opens fire]] at a group of students in Heath High School in [[West Paducah, Kentucky]], killing three and injuring five.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.wkyt.com/content/news/Remembering-a-deadly-Kentucky-high-school-shooting-20-years-later-461092173.html |title=Remembering a deadly Kentucky high school shooting 20 years later |last=Philpott |first=Amber |access-date=2018-06-04 |language=en}}</ref> *[[2000]] – [[Vicente Fox|Vicente Fox Quesada]] is inaugurated as the [[president of Mexico]], marking the first peaceful transfer of executive federal power to an opposing political party following a free and democratic election in Mexico's history.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/01/opinion/a-historic-transition-in-mexico.html |title=A Historic Transition in Mexico |work=The New York Times |date=December 1, 2000 |access-date=May 27, 2015 |location=New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527125603/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/01/opinion/a-historic-transition-in-mexico.html |archive-date=2015-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-12-03-0012030496-story.html |title=MEXICO HAS PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER |location=Illinois |work=The Chicago Tribune |access-date=July 2, 2019 |date=December 3, 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702135305/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-12-03-0012030496-story.html |archive-date=2019-07-02}}</ref> *[[2001]] – The [[United Russia]] political party was founded.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://transport.kaketoustroeno.ru/a_transport%26gosudarstvennaya-duma%266.htm |language=ru |title=Государственная дума :: Фракции |trans-title=State Duma :: Factions |access-date=2020-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307074011/http://transport.kaketoustroeno.ru/a_transport%26gosudarstvennaya-duma%266.htm |archive-date=2016-03-07}}</ref> *[[2005]] – As a result of the merger of the [[Perm Oblast]] and the [[Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug]], a new [[Federal subjects of Russia|subject]] of the [[Russia|Russian Federation]], the [[Perm Krai]], was created.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rg.ru/2004/03/26/perm-dok.html |title=Федеральный закон об образовании Пермского края |trans-title=Federal Law on Formation of the Perm Territory |publisher=Rossiyskaya Gazeta |language=ru |access-date=2020-01-28 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928165157/https://rg.ru/2004/03/26/perm-dok.html}}</ref> *[[2006]] – The [[Same-sex marriage in South Africa|law on same-sex marriage]] comes into force in [[South Africa]], legalizing same-sex marriage for the first time on the [[Africa|African continent]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pewforum.org/fact-sheet/gay-marriage-around-the-world/ |title=Same-Sex Marriage Around the World |date=17 May 2019 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=23 May 2019 |archive-date=30 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630034000/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/06/26/gay-marriage-around-the-world-2013/ |url-status=live}}</ref> *[[2009]] – The [[Treaty of Lisbon]] entered into force in the [[European Union]].<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:TOC eur-lex.europa.eu: " Official Journal of the European Union], {{ISSN|1725-2423}} C 115 Volume 51, 9 May 2008, retrieved 1 June 2014</ref> *[[2011]] – The [[Almaty Metro|Alma-Ata Metro]] was opened.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.zakon.kz/site_main_news/4460872-v-almaty-otkrylsja-metropoliten.html |script-title=ru:В Алматы открылся Метрополитен |website=zakon.kz |language=ru |trans-title=Opening of the Almaty Metro |date=1 December 2011 |access-date=2013-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/phase-2-funded-as-almaty-metro-opens.html |title=Almaty metro opens and Phase 2 funded |journal=[[Railway Gazette International]] |date=2 December 2011 |access-date=2015-04-20 |archive-date=2016-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409042455/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/phase-2-funded-as-almaty-metro-opens.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[2018]] – The Oulu Police informed the public about the first offence of the [[Oulu child sexual exploitation scandal|much larger child sexual exploitation]] in [[Oulu]], [[Finland]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Petri Turunen |title=Uutta tietoa lapseen kohdistuneista seksuaalirikoksista Oulussa: 7 miestä tunsivat toisensa |trans-title=New Information on Sexual Crimes against a Child in Oulu: 7 men knew each other |url=https://www.is.fi/oulun-seutu/art-2000005918251.html |accessdate=31 January 2019 |work=[[Ilta-Sanomat]] |date=1 December 2018 |quote=On Saturday afternoon, the police released a bulletin, the contents of which shocked many Finns. |language=fi}}.</ref> *[[2019]] – [[Arsenal Women 11–1 Bristol City Women]] breaks the record for most goals scored in a [[FA Women's Super League]] match, with [[Vivianne Miedema]] involved in ten of the eleven Arsenal goals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wrack |first1=Suzanne |title=Vivianne Miedema: Arsenal's six-goal headline stealer who hates limelight |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/dec/04/vivianne-miedema-arsenal-six-goals-netherlands-forward |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=4 December 2019}}</ref> *2019 – The [[COVID-19 pandemic|outbreak of coronavirus infection]] began in [[Wuhan]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cohen |first=Jon |date=January 2020 |title=Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |doi=10.1126/science.abb0611 |s2cid=214574620|url-access=subscription }}</ref> *[[2020]] – The [[Arecibo Telescope]] collapsed.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 December 2020 |title=Giant Arecibo radio telescope collapses in Puerto Rico |work=[[The Guardian]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/01/arecibo-radio-telescope-collapses-puerto-rico |access-date=1 December 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Chen |last2=Horby |first2=Peter W. |last3=Hayden |first3=Frederick G. |last4=Gao |first4=George F. |date=February 2020 |title=A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern |journal=Lancet |volume=395 |issue=10223 |pages=470–473 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9 |pmc=7135038 |pmid=31986257 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
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