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Delta Upsilon
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===20th century=== [[File:DURUSHTACOMA.png|thumb|right|Delta Upsilon members from the [[University of Washington]] chapter attend a rush party aboard the [[Tacoma (steamship)|SS ''Tacoma'']] in 1916.]] At the turn of the century the fraternity's growth plateaued due, in part, to opposition from a group of chapters to what was seen as the lessening of the fraternity's standards through colonization.<ref name="hund" /> In 1898, Delta Upsilon joined the recent trend of fraternity expansion into Canada by chartering a chapter at [[McGill University]] in [[Montreal, Quebec, Canada|Montreal]]. However, most expansion in this period came in the form of the annexation of established local fraternities. [[Zeta Chi]] at [[Baker University]] was one local which unsuccessfully petitioned for annexation by Delta Upsilon.<ref>{{cite book |date=1926 |title=Petition of the Zeta Chi Fraternity of Baker University to the Delta Upsilon Fraternity |publisher=Zeta Chi }}</ref> In 1909, [[Charles Evans Hughes]] led the [[Incorporation (business)|incorporation]] of the fraternity.<ref name="hund"/> By 1920 the fraternity had grown to 44 chapters. Gen. [[John Arthur Clark]], the celebrated former commander of the [[The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada|Seaforth Highlanders]] and a [[House of Commons of Canada|Member of Parliament]] from [[Vancouver]], was elevated to "international president", the fraternity's penultimate office, in 1944, holding it for three consecutive terms. Clark became the first Canadian to hold the Delta Upsilon presidency.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 October 1943 |title=Heads Fraternity |newspaper=Lethbridge Herald }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=Spring 1976 |title=John Arthur Clark 1886-1976 |url=http://issuu.com/deltaupsilon/docs/quarterlyspring1976 |newspaper=Delta Upsilon Quarterly }}</ref> In the 1950s, former Delta Upsilon international president Horace G. Nichol served as president of the [[North American Interfraternity Conference]] (NIC).<ref name="newed" /> He was recognized for his work leading the NIC with the NIC Gold Medal in 1959.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nicindy.org/previous-recipients.html |title=Previous Recipients |website=ncindy.org |publisher=North American Interfraternit Conference |access-date=15 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216204438/http://www.nicindy.org/previous-recipients.html |archive-date=16 December 2014 }}</ref> The turbulence the Greek system experienced in the middle 20th century began for Delta Upsilon in 1956. That year's sitting of the Undergraduate Convention was dissolved by emergency action of DU leadership to "prevent open dissension" in the wake of the election of an African-American as president of the Brown University chapter. The election had been denounced by a number of the fraternity's new southern chapters.<ref name="bdh" /> [[File:McGill University, Stained Glass War Memorial.jpg|thumb|Stained glass at McGill University's Redpath Library shows St. George coated in the [[tabard]] of Delta Upsilon. It commemorates 23 McGill members of Delta Upsilon killed in [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/nic-inm/sm-rm/mdsr-rdr-eng.asp?PID=8286 |title=Memorial Number: 24075-047 |last1=Edwards |first1=Victoria |website=forces.gc.ca |publisher=National Defence Canada Directorate of History and Heritage |access-date=15 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101437/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhh-dhp/nic-inm/sm-rm/mdsr-rdr-eng.asp?PID=8286 |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mcgill.ca/gps/funding/students-postdocs/students/mackenzie |title=Mackenzie King Scholarships |website=mcgill.ca |publisher=[[McGill University]] }}</ref>]] By 1986 Delta Upsilon had 88 active chapters, increasing to a high of 92 in 1991.<ref name="bnine" /> During the 1990s chapters at [[Rutgers University]], [[Cornell University]], [[Oklahoma State University]], the [[University of Nebraska]] and [[Union College]] were closed or placed on probation after it was revealed pledges at those houses had been [[Human branding|branded]], [[Paddle (spanking)|paddled]], and forced to eat garbage, among other things.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 March 1991 |title=Campus Life: Rutgers; Two Fraternities Are Suspended For Violations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/17/nyregion/campus-life-rutgers-two-fraternities-are-suspended-for-violations.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=14 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Killackey |first=Jill |date=13 December 1990 |title=Ban for "Despicable' Hazing Stands |url=http://newsok.com/ban-for-despicable-hazing-stands/article/2341068 |newspaper=[[Daily Oklahoman]] |location=[[Norman, OK]] |access-date=14 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 May 1995 |title=Union Suspends Students|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1957&dat=19950527&id=7hQxAAAAIBAJ&pg=2834,6217634 |newspaper=Daily Gazette |access-date=14 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman |first=Jordan |date=20 September 2011 |title=Strahine Shares Hazing Experiences |url=http://www.emorywheel.com/archive/detail.php?n=30085 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141217174506/http://www.emorywheel.com/archive/detail.php?n=30085 |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 December 2014 |newspaper=Emory Wheel |access-date=16 December 2014 }}</ref>
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