Editing Depth of field (section)

===Camera movements===
{{See also|View camera}}

The term "camera movements" refers to swivel (swing and tilt, in modern terminology) and shift adjustments of the lens holder and the film holder. These features have been in use since the 1800s and are still in use today on view cameras, technical cameras, cameras with tilt/shift or perspective control lenses, etc. Swiveling the lens or sensor causes the plane of focus (POF) to swivel, and also causes the field of acceptable focus to swivel with the {{abbr|POF|plane of focus}}; and depending on the {{abbr|DOF|depth of field}} criteria, to also change the shape of the field of acceptable focus. While calculations for {{abbr|DOF|depth of field}} of cameras with swivel set to zero have been discussed, formulated, and documented since before the 1940s, documenting calculations for cameras with non-zero swivel seem to have begun in 1990.

More so than in the case of the zero swivel camera, there are various methods to form criteria and set up calculations for {{abbr|DOF|depth of field}} when swivel is non-zero. There is a gradual reduction of clarity in objects as they move away from the {{abbr|POF|plane of focus}}, and at some virtual flat or curved surface the reduced clarity becomes unacceptable. Some photographers do calculations or use tables, some use markings on their equipment, some judge by previewing the image.

When the {{abbr|POF|plane of focus}} is rotated, the near and far limits of {{abbr|DOF|depth of field}} may be thought of as wedge-shaped, with the apex of the wedge nearest the camera; or they may be thought of as parallel to the {{abbr|POF|plane of focus}}.{{sfn|Merklinger|1993|pp=49–56}}{{sfn|Tillmanns|1997|p=71}}