Editing Desizing (section)

==Desizing processes==
Desizing, irrespective of what the desizing agent is, involves impregnation of the fabric with the desizing agent, allowing the desizing agent to degrade or solubilise the size material, and finally to wash out the degradation products. The major desizing processes are:

* Enzymatic desizing of starches on cotton fabrics
* Oxidative desizing
* Acid desizing
* Removal of water-soluble sizes
* Fermentative desizing

===Enzymatic desizing===
Enzymatic desizing is the classical desizing process of degrading starch size on cotton fabrics using enzymes. [[Enzyme]]s are complex organic, soluble bio-catalysts, formed by living organisms, that catalyze chemical reaction in biological processes. Enzymes are quite specific in their action on a particular substance. A small quantity of enzyme is able to decompose a large quantity of the substance it acts upon. Enzymes are usually named by the kind of substance degraded in the reaction it catalyzes.

[[Amylase]]s are the enzymes that [[hydrolysis|hydrolyses]] and reduce the molecular weight of [[amylose]] and [[amylopectin]] molecules in starch, rendering it water-soluble enough to be washed off the fabric.

Effective enzymatic desizing require strict control of [[pH]], [[temperature]], [[water hardness]], [[electrolyte]] addition and choice of [[surfactant]].

===Oxidative desizing===
In oxidative desizing, the risk of damage to the cellulose fiber is very high, and its use for desizing is increasingly rare. Oxidative desizing uses potassium or [[sodium persulfate]] or [[sodium bromite]] as an [[oxidizing]] agent.

===Acid desizing===
Cold solutions of dilute [[sulfuric acid|sulphuric]] or [[hydrochloric acid]]s are used to hydrolyze the starch, however, this has the disadvantage of also affecting the cellulose fiber in [[cotton]] fabrics.

===Removal of water-soluble sizes===
Fabrics containing water-soluble sizes can be desized by washing using hot water, perhaps containing wetting agents (surfactants) and a mild alkali. The water replaces the size on the outer surface of the fiber, and absorbs within the fiber to remove any fabric residue.

===Fermentative desizing===
Fermentative desizing is defined as a fermentation process and involves the Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) microorganisms that have a high potential to produce enzymes; it is carried out via impregnation/padding methods, which provide online monitoring and accurate control. The method allows an economical process with low resource consumption and emission compared to the enzymatic method, it is considerably cheaper.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chand|first1=Nima|title=Fermentative desizing of cotton fabric using an α-amylase-producing Bacillus strain: optimization of simultaneous enzyme production and desizing|journal=Process Biochemistry|volume=49|issue=11|pages=1884–1888|doi=10.1016/j.procbio.2014.07.007|year=2014}}</ref>