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Diaphragm (birth control)
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===Sexually transmitted infections=== There is some evidence that the cells in the cervix are particularly susceptible to certain [[Sexually transmitted disease|sexually transmitted infections]] (STIs). Cervical barriers such as diaphragms may offer some protection against these infections.<ref name="old method" /> However, research conducted to test whether the diaphragm offers protection from HIV found that women provided with both male [[condoms]] and a diaphragm experienced the same rate of [[HIV]] infection as women provided with male condoms alone.<ref name="new role">{{cite web|title=QUESTIONS & ANSWERS: The MIRA Diaphragm Trial Results|url=http://www.cervicalbarriers.org/documents/MIRA_QA-7-12.doc|format=DOC|publisher=Cervical Barrier Advancement Society|date=July 2007|access-date=2007-07-22|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070802070004/http://www.cervicalbarriers.org/documents/MIRA_QA-7-12.doc|archive-date=2007-08-02}}</ref> Because [[pelvic inflammatory disease]] (PID) is caused by certain STIs, diaphragms may lower the risk of PID.<ref>{{cite journal|last=J|first=Kelaghan|author2= G.L. Rubin, H.W. Ory and P.M. Layde|date=July 1982|title=Barrier-method contraceptives and pelvic inflammatory disease|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association |volume=248|issue=2|pages=184β187|doi=10.1001/jama.248.2.184|pmid=7087109}}</ref> Cervical barriers may also protect against [[human papillomavirus]] (HPV), the virus that causes [[cervical cancer]], although the protection appears to be due to the spermicide used with diaphragms and not the barrier itself.<ref>{{cite journal| author=Hildesheim A |title=Barrier and spermicidal contraceptive methods and risk of invasive cervical cancer |journal=Epidemiology|volume=1|issue=4|pages=266β72|year=1990|pmid=2083303|doi=10.1097/00001648-199007000-00003|last2=Brinton |last3=Mallin |last4=Lehman |last5=Stolley |last6=Savitz |last7=Levine |s2cid=30392531 }}</ref> Diaphragms are also considered a good candidate as a delivery method for [[microbicide]]s (preparations that, used vaginally, protect against STIs) that are currently in development.<ref name="old method" />
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