Editing Difference engine (section)

=== Others ===
[[Martin Wiberg]] improved Scheutz's construction ({{circa|1859}}, his machine has the same capacity as Scheutz's: 30-digit and sixth-order) but used his device only for producing and publishing printed tables (interest tables in 1860, and [[logarithm]]ic tables in 1875).<ref>{{cite journal |first=Raymond Clare |last=Archibald |title=Martin Wiberg, His Table and Difference Engine |journal=Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation |date=1947 |volume=2 |issue=20 |pages=371–374 |url=https://www.ams.org/journals/mcom/1947-02-020/S0025-5718-47-99566-5/S0025-5718-47-99566-5.pdf }}</ref>

Alfred Deacon of London in {{circa|1862}} produced a small difference engine (20-digit numbers and third-order differences).<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|at=[https://books.google.com/books?id=O170gWPZ7M8C&pg=PA136 pp. 132–136]|title=The History of Mathematical Tables: From Sumer to Spreadsheets|last=Campbell-Kelly|first=Martin|date=2003|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-850841-0|title-link= The History of Mathematical Tables}}</ref>

American [[George B. Grant]] started working on his calculating machine in 1869, unaware of the works of Babbage and Scheutz (Schentz). One year later (1870) he learned about difference engines and proceeded to design one himself, describing his construction in 1871. In 1874 the Boston Thursday Club raised a subscription for the construction of a large-scale model, which was built in 1876. It could be expanded to enhance precision and weighed about {{convert|2000|lb|kg}}.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225033434/http://history-computer.com/Babbage/NextDifferentialEngines/Hamann.html|access-date=2017-09-14| archive-date=2012-02-25|url=http://history-computer.com/Babbage/NextDifferentialEngines/Hamann.html | title=History of Computers and Computing, Babbage, Next differential engines, Hamann|website=history-computer.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/greatcentenniale00sandrich|title=The Great Centennial Exhibition Critically Described and Illustrated|last=Sandhurst|first=Phillip T.|date=1876|publisher=P. W. Ziegler & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/greatcentenniale00sandrich/page/423 423], 427}}</ref>

[[Christel Hamann]] built one machine (16-digit numbers and second-order differences) in 1909 for the "Tables of [[Julius Bauschinger|Bauschinger]] and Peters" ("Logarithmic-Trigonometrical Tables with eight decimal places"), which was first published in Leipzig in 1910. It weighed about {{convert|40|kg|lb}}.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vD7PAAAAMAAJ|title=Logarithmisch-trigonometrische Tafeln mit acht Dezimalstellen, enthaltend die Logarithmen aller Zahlen von 1 bis 200000 und die Logarithmen der trigonometrischen Funktionen f"ur jede Sexagesimalsekunde des Quadranten: Bd. Tafel der achtstelligen Logarithmen aller Zahlen von 1 bis 200000|last1=Bauschinger|first1=Julius|last2=Peters|first2=Jean|date=1958|publisher=H. R. Engelmann|pages=Preface V–VI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/logarithmischtri01bausuoft|title=Logarithmisch-trigonometrische Tafeln, mit acht Dezimalstellen, enthaltend die Logarithmen aller Zahlen von 1 bis 200000 und die Logarithmen der trigonometrischen Funktionen für jede Sexagesimalsekunde des Quadranten. Neu berechnet und hrsg. von J. Bauschinger und J. Peters. Stereotypausg|last1=Bauschinger|first1=Julius|last2=Peters|first2=J. (Jean)|date=1910|publisher=Leipzig W. Englemann|others=Gerstein - University of Toronto|pages=Einleitung VI|language=de}}</ref>

[[Burroughs Corporation]] in about 1912 built a machine for the [[HM Nautical Almanac Office|Nautical Almanac Office]] which was used as a difference engine of second-order.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Comrie|first=L. J.|date=1928-03-01|title=On the application of the BrunsvigaDupla calculating machine to double summation with finite differences|bibcode=1928MNRAS..88..447C|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=88|issue=5|pages=451, 453–454, 458–459|doi=10.1093/mnras/88.5.447|issn=0035-8711|via=[[Astrophysics Data System]]|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{Rp|451}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/moderninstrument00horsuoft#page/127/mode/1up/search/hudson|title=Modern instruments and methods of calculation : a handbook of the Napier Tercentenary Exhibition|last1=Horsburg|first1=E. M.|date=1914|location=London|publisher=G. Bell|pages=127–131}}</ref> It was later replaced in 1929 by a Burroughs Class 11 (13-digit numbers and second-order differences, or 11-digit numbers and <nowiki>[at least up to]</nowiki> fifth-order differences).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Comrie|first=L. J.|date=1932-04-01|title=The Nautical Almanac Office Burroughs machine|bibcode=1932MNRAS..92..523C|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=92|issue=6|pages=523–524, 537–538|doi=10.1093/mnras/92.6.523|issn=0035-8711|via=[[Astrophysics Data System]]|doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[Alexander John Thompson]] about 1927 built ''integrating and differencing machine'' (13-digit numbers and fifth-order differences) for his table of logarithms "Logarithmetica britannica". This machine was composed of four modified Triumphator calculators.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fH48AAAAIAAJ|title=Logarithmetica Britannica: Being a Standard Table of Logarithms to Twenty Decimal Places |last=Thompson |first=Alexander John |date=1924 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=9781001406893 |pages=V/VI, XXIX, LIV–LVI, LXV (archive: pp. 7, 30, 55–59, 68) }} [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.285845/2015.285845.Logarithmetica-Britannica#page/n29/mode/1up/search/Integrating+and+Differencing+machine Alt URL]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history-computer.com/Babbage/NextDifferentialEngines/Thompson.html|title=History of Computers and Computing, Babbage, Next differential engines, Alexander John Thompson|website=history-computer.com|access-date=2017-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mechrech.info/publikat/publikat.html#pub70|title=Publikationen|last=Weiss|first=Stephan|website=mechrech.info|pages=160–163|others=''Difference Engines in the 20th Century''. First published in Proceedings 16th International Meeting of Collectors of Historical Calculating Instruments, Sep. 2010, Leiden|access-date=2017-09-22}}</ref>

[[Leslie Comrie]] in 1928 described how to use the [[Odhner Arithmometer|Brunsviga]]-Dupla calculating machine as a difference engine of second-order (15-digit numbers).<ref name=":5" /> He also noted in 1931 that National Accounting Machine Class 3000 could be used as a difference engine of sixth-order.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|137–138}}