Editing Digitization (section)

==Analog signals to digital==

Analog signals are continuous electrical signals; digital signals are non-continuous. Analog signals can be converted to digital signals by using an [[analog-to-digital converter]].<ref>ICT Technologies. (2004, February 3). ''Analog vs. digital signals''. Chapter 3: Module 2: Communication Systems. Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved on December 15, 2021, from https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=821701</ref>

The process of converting analog to digital consists of two parts: sampling and quantizing. Sampling measures wave amplitudes at regular intervals, splits them along the vertical axis, and assigns them a numerical value, while quantizing looks for measurements that are between binary values and rounds them up or down.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How do we convert audio from analogue to digital and back? |url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/how-do-we-convert-audio-from-analogue-to-digital-and-back/ |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=BBC Science Focus Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

Nearly all recorded music has been digitized, and about 12 percent of the 500,000+ movies listed on the [[Internet Movie Database]] are digitized and were released on [[DVD]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.6028/jres.107.010 | title=The state of the art and practice in digital preservation | year=2002 | last1=Lee | first1=K.H. | last2=Slattery | first2=O. | last3=Lu | first3=R. | last4=Tang | first4=X. | last5=McCrary | first5=V. | journal=Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology | volume=107 | issue=1 | pages=93–106 | pmid=27446721 | pmc=4865277 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1257/jep.31.3.195 | title=How Digitization Has Created a Golden Age of Music, Movies, Books, and Television | year=2017 | last1=Waldfogel | first1=Joel | journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=195–214 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

Digitization of [[home movies]], [[Photographic slide|slides]], and [[photographs]] is a popular method of preserving and sharing personal multimedia. Slides and photographs may be scanned quickly using an [[image scanner]], but analog video requires a video tape player to be connected to a computer while the item plays in real time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Good-bye, VHS; Hello, DVD |url=https://www2.computerworld.co.nz/article/89569/good-bye_vhs_hello_dvd/ |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=Computerworld New Zealand}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Moses |first=Jeanette D. |date=2021-02-20 |title=How to digitize VHS tapes |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/how-to/digitize-vhs-tapes |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=Tom's Guide |language=en}}</ref> Slides can be digitized quicker with a slide scanner such as the [[Nikon]] Coolscan 5000ED.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Super COOLSCAN 5000 ED {{!}} Nikon |url=https://www.nikonusa.com/en/nikon-products/product-archive/film-scanners/super-coolscan-5000-ed.html |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=www.nikonusa.com |language=en}}</ref>

Another example of digitization is the [[VisualAudio]] process developed by the Swiss ''Fonoteca Nazionale'' in [[Lugano]], by scanning a high resolution photograph of a record, they are able to extract and reconstruct the sound from the processed image.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swiss National Sound Archives |url=https://www.fonoteca.ch/index_en.htm |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=www.fonoteca.ch}}</ref>

Digitization of analog tapes before they degrade, or after damage has already occurred, can rescue the only copies of local and traditional cultural music for future generations to study and enjoy.<ref name=":114">{{Cite journal |last=Breeding |first=Marshall |date=2014-11-01 |title=Ongoing Challenges in Digitization |url=https://librarytechnology.org/document/20128 |journal=Computers in Libraries |language=en |volume=34 |issue=9 |pages=16–18}}</ref><ref>Champion, N. (2013, February/March). Delivering music digitisation projects: Issues and challenges. ''Crescendo, 92'', 12-18.</ref>