Editing Dog intelligence (section)

== Awareness ==
The concept of [[object permanence]] is the ability of an animal to understand that objects continue to exist even when they have moved outside of their field of view. This ability is not present at birth, and developmental psychologist [[Jean Piaget]] described six stages in the development of object permanence in human infants. A similar approach has been used with dogs, and there is evidence that dogs go through similar stages and reach the advanced fifth stage by an age of 8 weeks. At this stage they can track "successive visible displacement" in which the experimenter moves the object behind multiple screens before leaving it behind the last one. It is unclear whether dogs reach Stage 6 of Piaget's object permanence development model.<ref name=bensky2013/><ref name="coren"/>

A study in 2013 indicated that dogs appear to recognize other dogs regardless of breed, size, or shape, and distinguish them from other animals.<ref name="coren20131008">{{cite news | url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/canine-corner/201310/do-dogs-know-the-difference-between-dogs-and-other-animals | title=Do Dogs Know The Difference Between Dogs and Other Animals? | work=Psychology Today | date=2013-10-08 | access-date=10 April 2015 | author=Coren, Stanley}}</ref>

In 2014, a study using [[magnetic resonance imaging]] demonstrated that voice-response areas exist in the brains of dogs and that they show a response pattern in the anterior temporal voice areas that is similar to that in humans.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26276660|title=Dogs' brain scans reveal vocal responses|work=BBC News|date=21 February 2014|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref>

Dogs can pass the "[[Mirror test#Criticism|sniff test]]" suggesting potential self-awareness in the olfactory sense, and also show awareness of the size and movement of their bodies.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gibeault |first1=Stephanie |title=Do Dogs Have Self-Awareness? |url=https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/do-dogs-have-self-awareness/ |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=American Kennel Club |language=en}}</ref>