Editing Douglas Engelbart (section)

=== SRI and the Augmentation Research Center ===
Engelbart took a position at [[SRI International]] (known then as Stanford Research Institute) in [[Menlo Park, California]] in 1957. He worked for [[Hewitt Crane]] on magnetic devices and miniaturization of electronics; Engelbart and Crane became close friends.<ref>{{cite book|title=What the Dormouse Said|author=Markoff, John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cTyfxP-g2IIC&pg=PT70|publisher=Penguin|year=2005|page=70|isbn=1-101-20108-8|access-date=June 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501124226/http://books.google.com/books?id=cTyfxP-g2IIC&pg=PT70&lpg=PT70|archive-date=May 1, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> At SRI, Engelbart soon obtained a dozen patents,<ref name="The Doug Engelbart Institute"/> and by 1962 produced a report about his vision and proposed research agenda titled ''Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework''.<ref name="aughum"/> The research was funded by the [[Air Force Office of Scientific Research]], where [[Rowena Swanson]] took an active interest in Engelbart's work.<ref name=DougNotes>{{cite book |first1=Douglas |last1=Englebart |chapter=Workstation History and The Augmented Knowledge Workshop |title=Proceedings of the ACM Conference on the History of Personal Workstations |year=1986 |location=New York |publisher=ACM Press |pages=87–100 |url=https://www.invisiblerevolution.net/timeline/notes-59-dougnotes.html}}</ref> Among other highlights, this paper introduced "[[Building Information Modelling]]", which architectural and engineering practice eventually adopted (first as "[[parametric design]]") in the 1990s and after.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engineering.com/BIM/ArticleID/11436/BIM-101-What-is-Building-Information-Modeling.aspx|title=What is Building Information Modeling|publisher=[[Engineering.com]]|access-date=February 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304224947/http://www.engineering.com/BIM/ArticleID/11436/BIM-101-What-is-Building-Information-Modeling.aspx|archive-date=March 4, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

This led to funding from ARPA to launch his work. Engelbart recruited a research team in his new [[Augmentation Research Center]] (ARC, the lab he founded at SRI). Engelbart embedded a set of organizing principles in his lab, which he termed "[[bootstrapping]] strategy". He designed the strategy to accelerate the rate of innovation of his lab.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dougengelbart.org/about/bootstrapping-strategy.html|title=About an Accelerative Bootstrapping Strategy|publisher=The Doug Engelbart Institute|access-date=June 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712033921/http://www.dougengelbart.org/about/bootstrapping-strategy.html|archive-date=July 12, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="scopus">{{Scopus|id=6701716173}}</ref><ref name="dblp">{{DBLP|name=Douglas C. Engelbart}}</ref>

The ARC became the driving force behind the design and development of the [[NLS (computer system)|oN-Line System]] (NLS). He and his team developed computer interface elements such as [[bitmap]]ped screens, the mouse, hypertext, collaborative tools, and precursors to the graphical user interface.<ref name="acm">{{ACMPortal|id=81100342853}}</ref> He conceived and developed many of his user interface ideas in the mid-1960s, long before the personal computer revolution, at a time when most computers were inaccessible to individuals who could only use computers through intermediaries (see [[batch processing]]), and when software tended to be written for [[vertical application]]s in proprietary systems.
[[File:Apple Macintosh Plus mouse.jpg| thumb|Two [[Macintosh Plus|Apple Macintosh Plus]] mice, 1986]]

Engelbart applied for a [[patent]] in 1967 and received it in 1970, for the wooden shell with two metal wheels ([[Mouse (computing)|computer mouse]] – {{US patent |3541541}}), which he had developed with Bill English, his lead engineer, sometime before 1965.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19660020914 Computer-aided Display Control] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104104354/https://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19660020914 |date=January 4, 2018}} English & Engelbart, July 1965</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1633972.stm|title=Mouse inventor strives for more|first1=Alfred|last1=Hermida|work=[[BBC News Online]]|date=November 5, 2001|access-date=June 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030054344/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1633972.stm|archive-date=October 30, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> In the patent application it is described as an "X-Y position indicator for a display system". Engelbart later revealed that it was nicknamed the "mouse" because the tail came out the end. His group also called the on-screen [[Cursor (user interface)|cursor]] a "bug", but this term was not widely adopted.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/Archive/AugmentingHumanIntellect62/Display1967.html |title=Display-Selection Techniques for Text Manipulation |author1-link=William English (computer engineer) |first1=William K |last1=English |first2=Douglas |last2=Engelbart |first3=Melvyn L |last3=Berman |work=Stanford MouseSite |publisher=[[Stanford University]] |access-date=July 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429100600/http://sloan.stanford.edu/MouseSite/Archive/AugmentingHumanIntellect62/Display1967.html |archive-date=April 29, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Engelbart's original cursor was displayed as an arrow pointing upward, but was slanted to the left upon its deployment in the XEROX PARC machine to better distinguish between on-screen text and the cursor in the machine's low-resolution interface.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://gizmodo.com/why-your-mouse-cursor-is-slanted-instead-of-straight-1524402432 |title=Why Your Mouse Cursor Is Slanted Instead of Straight |author=Ashley Feinberg |publisher=[[Gizmodo]] |date=February 17, 2014}}</ref> The now-familiar cursor arrow is characterized by a vertical left side and a 45-degree angle on the right.

He never received any royalties for the invention of the mouse. During an interview, he said, "SRI patented the mouse, but they really had no idea of its value. Some years later it was learned that they had licensed it to [[Apple Computer]] for something like $40,000."<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.superkids.com/aweb/pages/features/mouse/mouse.html| title= Doug Engelbart: Father of the Mouse| publisher= SuperKids| first1= Andrew| last1= Maisel| access-date= June 17, 2012| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120702162333/http://www.superkids.com/aweb/pages/features/mouse/mouse.html| archive-date= July 2, 2012| url-status= live}}</ref> Engelbart showcased the [[chorded keyboard]] and many more of his and ARC's inventions in 1968 at [[The Mother of All Demos]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Engelbart|first1= Douglas C.|title=SRI-ARC. A technical session presentation at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco|date=December 9, 1968 |journal=NLS Demo '68: The Computer Mouse Debut |series=Engelbart Collection |publisher=Stanford University Library |location=Menlo Park, CA|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/input-output/14/350|title=The Mouse – CHM Revolution|website=www.computerhistory.org|access-date=November 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102224402/http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/input-output/14/350|archive-date=January 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>