Editing Draugr (section)

=== Written corpus ===
In the written corpus, the ''draugr'' is regarded not so much as a ghost, but a corporeal [[undead]] creature, or [[revenant]],<ref name=langeslag/> ie, the reanimated corpse of the deceased, for example inside the burial mound or grave<ref name=smith_gregg_a/> (as in the example of Kárr inn gamli in ''[[Grettis saga]]'').<ref name=langeslag/><ref name=williams_howard/> Commentators extend the term ''draugr'' to the undead in medieval literature, even if it is never explicitly referred to as such in the text, and designated them instead as a {{lang|non|[[#Haugbúi|haugbúi]]}} ("barrow-dweller") or an {{lang|non|aptrganga}} ("re-walker") – see [[Gjenganger]]. Compare {{langx|is|afturganga}} ("after-walker"), {{langx|sv|gengångare}} ("again-walker").

Unlike Kárr inn gamli (Kar the Old) in ''Grettis saga'', who is specifically called a draugr,<ref name="p. 65"/>{{Refn|Kárr is called a draugr by Grettir when he sings a verse to reply to the question of how he gained the treasure sword. This was rendered "In the barrow where that thing .. fell" in the 1869 translation,<ref name=magnusson&morris-cap18-p048/> and "in a murky mound.. a ghost was felled then " by Scudder.{{sfnp|Scudder (tr.)|2005}}}} Glámr the ghost in the same saga is never explicitly called a draugr in the text,{{sfnp|Ármann Jakobsson|2011|p=284}} though called a "troll" in it.{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Ármann Jakobsson notes that in this and comparable instances, the term "troll" designates some sort of revenant, more specifically the human undead. Since the term can also mean 'demon', the sense is ambiguous.{{sfnp|Ármann Jakobsson|2011|p=285}} }}{{sfnp|Ármann Jakobsson|2011|p=285}} Yet Glámr is still routinely referred to as a ''draugr'' by modern scholars.{{Refn|{{harvp|Clemoes|Dickins|1959|p=190}}, e.g., and Willam Sayers<ref name=sayers/> }} Beings not specifically called {{lang|non|draugr}}, but only referred to as {{lang|non|{{linktext|aptrgǫngur}}}} "revenants" (pl. of {{lang|non|{{linktext|aptrganga}}}}) and {{lang|non|{{linktext|reimleikar}}}} "haunting" in these medieval sagas,{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Besides Glámr, other examples are Víga-Hrappr Sumarliðason in ''[[Laxdæla saga]]''; Þórólfr bægifótr (lame-foot) or the ghosts of Fróðá in ''[[Eyrbyggja saga]]''.{{sfnp|Ármann Jakobsson|2011|p=284}}}} are still commonly discussed as a {{lang|non|draugr}} in various scholarly works,{{sfnp|Ármann Jakobsson|2009}}{{sfnp|Caciola|1996|p=28}}<ref name=smith_gregg_a/> or the draugr and the ''haugbúi'' are lumped into one.{{sfnp|Chadwick|1946|p=51}}

A further caveat is that the application of the term ''draugr'' may not necessarily follow what the term might have meant in the strict sense during medieval times, but rather follow a modern definition or notion of ''draugr'', specifically such ghostly beings (by whatever names they are called) that occur in Icelandic folktales categorized as "Draugasögur" in [[Jón Árnason (author)|Jón Árnason]]'s collection, based on the classification groundwork laid by [[Konrad Maurer]].{{sfnp|Ármann Jakobsson|2011|pp=281–282}}{{Refn|It is pointed out that the lexicographer [[Guðbrandur Vigfússon]] (who defined draugr as 'ghost' in his dictionary) wrote the preface to Jón Árnason's folklore collection.}}

In Old Norse, ''draugr'' also meant a tree trunk or dry dead wood, or in poetry could refer to a man or warrior,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/draugr#Old_Norse |title=Draugr |date=11 February 2024 }}</ref> since [[Old Norse poetry]] often used terms for trees to represent humans, especially in [[kennings]], referencing the myth that the god [[Odin]] and his brothers created the first humans [[Ask and Embla]] from trees. There was thus a connection between the idea of a felled tree's trunk and that of a dead man's corpse.

Also, one of the [[List of names of Odin|names for Odin]] was {{lang|non|Draugadróttinn}}, "Lord of the draugr", in the [[Ynglinga saga]], chapter 7.