Editing Electrification (section)

===Economic impact of electrification===
{{Main|Mass production#history}}

Electrification and economic growth are highly correlated.<ref name="Electricity_in_Economic Growth"/> In economics, the efficiency of electrical generation has been shown to correlate with ''technological progress''.<ref name="Ayers-Warr 2002">{{Cite journal| last1=Ayres| last2=Ayres| last3=Warr| first1=R. U.| first2=L. W.| first3=B.| title=Exergy, Power and Work in the U. S. Economy 1900-1998| year=2003| journal=Energy| volume=28| issue=3| pages=219–273| doi=10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00089-0| bibcode=2003Ene....28..219A}}</ref><ref name="Electricity_in_Economic Growth">{{cite book
 |title        = Electricity in Economic Growth
 |last1        = Committee on Electricity in Economic Growth Energy Engineering Board Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems National Research Council
 |year         = 1986
 |publisher    = National Academy Press
 |location     = Washington, DC
 |isbn         = 0-309-03677-1
 |pages        = 16, 40
 |url          = http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=900
 |access-date  = 2013-10-07
 |archive-date = 2014-06-07
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140607001154/http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=900
 |url-status   = live
}} <Available as free .pdf download></ref>

In the U.S. from 1870 to 1880 each man-hour was provided with .55&nbsp;hp.  In 1950 each man-hour was provided with 5&nbsp;hp, or a 2.8% annual increase, declining to 1.5% from 1930 to 1950.<ref>{{cite book|title=Productivity in the United States: Trends and Cycles |last=Kendrick |first= John W.|year= 1980 |publisher = The Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn= 978-0-8018-2289-6 |page=97}}</ref>  The period of electrification of factories and households from 1900 to 1940, was one of high [[productivity]] and economic growth.

Most studies of electrification and electric grids focused on industrial core countries in Europe and the United States. Elsewhere, wired electricity was often carried on and through the circuits of colonial rule. Some historians and sociologists considered the interplay of colonial politics and the development of electric grids: in India, Rao<ref>Rao, Y. Srinivasa (2010) “Electricity, Politics and Regional Economic Imbalance in Madras
Presidency, 1900–1947.” Economic and Political Weekly 45(23), 59–66</ref> showed that linguistics-based regional politics—not techno-geographical considerations—led to the creation of two separate grids; in colonial Zimbabwe (Rhodesia), Chikowero<ref>Chikowero, Moses (2007) “Subalternating Currents: Electrification and Power Politics
in Bulawayo, Colonial Zimbabwe, 1894–1939.” Journal of Southern African Studies
33(2), 287–306</ref> showed that electrification was racially based and served the white settler community while excluding Africans; and in Mandate Palestine, Shamir<ref>Shamir, Ronen (2013) Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine. Stanford: Stanford University Press</ref>{{page needed|date=November 2017}} claimed that  British electric concessions to a Zionist-owned company deepened the economic disparities between Arabs and Jews.