Editing Electronic countermeasure (section)

== Aircraft ECM ==
[[File:AGM-88 and AIM-9 on Tornado.jpg|thumb|German [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado ECR]] ]]
ECM is practiced by nearly all modern military units—land, sea or air. Aircraft, however, are the primary weapons in the ECM battle because they can "see" a larger patch of earth than a sea or land-based unit. When employed effectively, ECM can keep aircraft from being tracked by search radars, or targeted by [[surface-to-air missile]]s or [[air-to-air missile]]s.  An aircraft ECM can take the form of an attachable underwing pod or could be embedded in the airframe. Fighter planes using a conventional electronically scanned antenna mount dedicated jamming pods instead or, in the case of the US, German, and Italian air forces, may rely on electronic warfare aircraft to carry them. ECM pods vary widely in power and capability; while many fighter aircraft are capable of carrying an ECM pod, these pods are generally less powerful, capable and of shorter range than the equipment carried by dedicated ECM aircraft, thus making dedicated ECM aircraft an important part of any airforce’s inventory.

=== Future airborne jammers ===
The [[Next Generation Jammer]] is being developed to replace the current [[AN/ALQ-99]] carried on the E/A-18G electronic warfare plane. Planned for adoption around 2020, it will use a small AESA antenna divided into quadrants<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/in-focus-us-navy-next-generation-jammer-proceeds-b-371742/|title = IN FOCUS: US Navy Next Generation Jammer proceeds, but F-35 integration deferred indefinitely}}</ref> for all around coverage and retain the capability of highly directional jamming.

[[DARPA]]'s Precision Electronic Warfare (PREW) project aims to develop a low-cost system capable of synchronizing several simple airborne jamming pods with enough precision to replicate the directionality of an electronically scanned antenna, avoiding collateral jamming of non-targeted receivers.<ref>[https://www.fbo.gov/download/f3d/f3d24a4cc17130af66971e0d897baa87/PREW_BAA_24_Aug_09.pdf Broad Agency Announcement Precision Electronic Warfare (PREW) STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY OFFICE DARPA-BAA 09-65]</ref>

An expendable active decoy that uses [[Digital radio frequency memory|DRFM]] technology to jam RF based threats has already been developed by [[Selex ES]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uk.leonardocompany.com/-/britecloudlaunch|title=New Selex ES expendable active decoy 'britecloud' selected by saab for gripen fighter – DETAIL – Leonardo|work=uk.leonardocompany.com|access-date=2016-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816132819/http://www.uk.leonardocompany.com/-/britecloudlaunch|archive-date=2016-08-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> (merged into [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo]] new name of Finmeccanica since 2017). The system, named [[BriteCloud]], is self-contained within a small canister that is similar to a standard flare cartridge. The 55&nbsp;mm format of the system has undergone flight trials with the [[Gripen]] aircraft and the development of a 218 variant is at an advanced stage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uk.leonardocompany.com/-/britecloud-gripen-trials|title=Finmeccanica – Selex Es to hold britecloud trials with Gripen – DETAIL – Leonardo|work=uk.leonardocompany.com|access-date=2016-07-20|archive-date=2016-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816165034/http://www.uk.leonardocompany.com/-/britecloud-gripen-trials|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Dedicated ECM aircraft ===
* [[Douglas A-3 Skywarrior|EA-3 Skywarrior]]
* [[Douglas B-66 Destroyer|EB-66 Destroyer]]
* [[EC-130H Compass Call]]
* [[EA-6 Prowler|EA-6B Prowler]] equipped with ALQ-92 communications jammer, ALQ-100 multi-band track breaking system, and five ALQ-99 tactical jammer pods.<ref name="p2">Polmar (1979), p. 122.</ref>
* [[EA-18G Growler]]
* [[EA-37B Compass Call]]
* [[EF-111A Raven]]
* [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado ECR]]
* [[Shenyang J-16|J-16 D]]
* [[Sukhoi Su-24|Su-24MP]]
* [[Yakovlev Yak-28|Yak-28PP]]
* [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8PP]]