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Embarrassment
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===Types in social psychology=== [[File:Antoine Watteau 014.jpg|thumb|''An embarrassing proposal'' by [[Antoine Watteau]]]] One typology of embarrassment is described by Sharkey and Stafford. There are six types of embarrassment:<ref name=" Withers & Sherblom (1986).">{{cite journal|last1 = Withers|first1 = Lesley|last2=Sherblom|first2=John|title = Embarrassment: The Communication of an Awkward Actor Anticipating a Negative Evaluation|journal = Human Communication|volume = 11| issue = 2| pages = 237β254}}</ref> # [[Privacy]] violations β for example where [[Wardrobe malfunction|a part of the body is accidentally exposed]], or there is an invasion of space, property, or information that may be warranted to privacy, # Lack of [[knowledge]] and [[skill]] β for example forgetfulness, or experiencing failure while performing a relatively easy task # [[Criticism]] and rejection β is another cause of embarrassment, as well as being made the center of attention positively or negatively # Awkward acts β refer to social situations, for example, inappropriate conversations, clumsiness or ungraceful actions (such as an emotional outbreak like speaking out unintentionally) that can trigger embarrassment # Appropriate image β refers to more of a personal reflection of embarrassment, like body image, clothing apparel, and personal possessions (for example owning an older mobile phone compared to the latest model) # [[Social environment|Environment]] β can also have the effect of provoking embarrassment, as when an individual in a movie theatre with his or her parents, other family, co-workers, or mixed-company peers is made uncomfortable by an unexpected occurrence of nudity in the film that the group is watching. Another typology, by Cupach and Metts, discusses the dimensions of intended-unintended and appropriate-inappropriate behavior, and four basic types of embarrassing circumstances: # Faux pas (socially awkward acts) # [[Accidents]] # Mistakes # Failure to perform a duty or moral obligation. Based on these types, Cupach and Metts classify two basic embarrassment situations: the actor responsible and the observer responsible. Actor responsible situations are embarrassing when a person executes an act that is either inappropriate to a point of proficiency matching social norms and expectations, inconsistent with role expectations, or is out-of-sync with a [[social identity]]. The observer responsible categories are embarrassing when an individual becomes the focus of attention through: * Recognition, praise, criticism, correction, or teasing * Becomes initialized through being tripped or bumped, which is then associated with someone acting inappropriately * Has information revealed publicly to another individual or peer group
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