Editing Emoji (section)

===Beginnings of Unicode emoji (2007–2014)===
[[File:Texting Emoji.jpg|thumb|Emoji being added to a [[text message]], 2013]] [[File:I Love New York.svg|thumb|An early use of the heart symbol as part of an English language sentence in the [[I Love New York]] advertising campaign of 1977]]
The first American company to take notice of emoji was [[Google]] beginning in 2007. In August 2007, a team made up of [[Mark Davis (Unicode)|Mark Davis]] and his colleagues Kat Momoi and Markus Scherer began petitioning the [[Unicode|Unicode Technical Committee (UTC)]] in an attempt to standardise the emoji.<ref name=wiredunicode>{{cite magazine |last1=Pardes |first1=Arielle |title=The Wired Guide to Emoji |url=https://www.wired.com/story/guide-emoji/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=February 1, 2018}}</ref> The UTC, having previously deemed emoji to be out of scope for Unicode, made the decision to broaden its scope to enable compatibility with the Japanese cellular carrier formats which were becoming more widespread.<ref name="principles"/> Peter Edberg and Yasuo Kida joined the collaborative effort from [[Apple Inc.]] shortly after, and their official UTC proposal came in January 2009 with 625 new emoji characters. Unicode accepted the proposal in 2010.<ref name=wiredunicode />

Pending the assignment of standard Unicode [[code point]]s, Google and Apple implemented emoji support via [[Private Use Area]] schemes. Google first introduced emoji in [[Gmail]] in October 2008, in collaboration with [[au by KDDI]],<ref name="Schwartzberg"/> and Apple introduced the first release of [[Apple Color Emoji]] to [[iPhone OS]] on 21 November 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.emojipedia.org/apple-emoji-turns-10/|title=Apple Emoji Turns 10|last=Burge|first=Jeremy|date=21 November 2018|website=Emojipedia|language=en|access-date=31 December 2018}}</ref> Initially, Apple's emoji support was implemented for holders of a SoftBank SIM card; the emoji themselves were represented using SoftBank's Private Use Area scheme and mostly resembled the SoftBank designs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://emojipedia.org/apple/iphone-os-2.2/ |title=Apple iPhone OS 2.2 |work=Emojipedia |author=Emojipedia}}</ref> Gmail emoji used their own Private Use Area scheme in a [[Plane (Unicode)#Private Use Area planes|supplementary Private Use plane]].<ref name="utcL210132"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://umihotaru.work/nishiki-teki_pua.pdf |title=Nishiki-teki Version 3.90r (2021-09-25)—6,463 characters in the Private Use Areas}}</ref>

Separately, a proposal had been submitted in 2008 to add the [[ARIB STD B24 character set|ARIB extended characters]] used in broadcasting in Japan to Unicode. This included several pictographic symbols.<ref>{{citation|mode=cs1 |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08077r2-japanese-tv.pdf |title=Japanese TV Symbols |id=UTC L2/08-077R2 / ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3397 |last=Suignard |first=Michel |date=2008-03-11}}</ref> These were added in Unicode 5.2 in 2009, a year before the cellular emoji sets were fully added; they include several characters which either also appeared amongst the cellular emoji<ref name="utcL210132">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10132-emojidata.pdf |id=UTC L2/10-132 |title=Emoji Symbols: Background Data—Background data for Proposal for Encoding Emoji Symbols |first1=Markus |last1=Scherer |first2=Mark |last2=Davis |first3=Kat |last3=Momoi |first4=Darick |last4=Tong |first5=Yasuo |last5=Kida |first6=Peter |last6=Edberg}}</ref> or were subsequently classified as emoji.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://emojipedia.org/unicode-5.2/ |title=Unicode 5.2 Emoji List |work=Emojipedia |author=Emojipedia |author-link=Emojipedia}}</ref>

After iPhone users in the United States discovered that downloading Japanese [[Mobile app|apps]] allowed access to the keyboard, pressure grew to expand the availability of the emoji keyboard beyond Japan.<ref name=Cocozza2015>{{cite web|last=Cocozza|first=Paula|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/nov/17/crying-with-laughter-how-we-learned-how-to-speak-emoji|title=Crying with laughter: how we learned how to speak emoji|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=November 17, 2015|access-date=July 28, 2017|archive-date=May 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506022028/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/nov/17/crying-with-laughter-how-we-learned-how-to-speak-emoji|url-status=live}}</ref> The Emoji application for iOS, which altered the Settings app to allow access to the emoji keyboard, was created by [[Josh Gare]] in February 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=App Shopper: Emoji|url=http://appshopper.com/social-networking/emoji|website=App Shopper|access-date=2017-03-01}}</ref> Before the existence of Gare's Emoji app, [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] had intended for the emoji keyboard to only be available in [[Japan]] in [[iOS]] version 2.2.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple releases iPhone Software v2.2|url=http://appleinsider.com/article/?id=10447|website=AppleInsider|access-date=2017-02-28}}</ref>

Throughout 2009, members of the [[Unicode Consortium]] and national standardization bodies of various countries gave feedback and proposed changes to the international standardization of the emoji. The feedback from various bodies in the United States, Europe, and Japan agreed on a set of 722 emoji as the standard set. This would be released in October 2010 in Unicode 6.0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/faq/emoji_dingbats.html|title=FAQ – Emoji & Dingbats|work=unicode.org}}</ref> Apple made the emoji keyboard available to those outside of Japan in iOS version 5.0 in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Standard Emoji keyboard arrives to iOS 5, here's how to enable it|url=https://9to5mac.com/2011/06/08/standard-emoji-keyboard-arrives-to-ios-5-heres-how-to-enable-it/|website=9to5Mac|date=June 8, 2011|access-date=2017-02-28}}</ref> Later, Unicode 7.0 (June 2014) added the [[character repertoire]]s of the [[Webdings]] and [[Wingdings]] fonts to Unicode, resulting in approximately 250 more Unicode emoji.<ref name="hexuswebdings">{{cite web| url=http://hexus.net/tech/news/software/71157-host-new-characters-emoji-introduced-unicode-70/| title=Host of New Characters and Emoji Introduced in Unicode 7.0| date=June 17, 2014| publisher=Hexus| access-date=November 30, 2017}}</ref>

The Unicode emoji whose [[code point]]s were assigned in 2014 or earlier are therefore taken from several sources. A single character could exist in multiple sources, and characters from a source were unified with existing characters where appropriate: for example, the "shower" weather symbol (☔️) from the ARIB source was unified with an existing umbrella with raindrops character,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07391-n3341.pdf |title=Japanese TV Symbols |first=Michel |last=Suignard |date=2007-09-18 |id=UTC L2/07-391, [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2]]/WG 2 N3341}}</ref> which had been added for [[KPS 9566]] compatibility.<ref name="utc-L2-02-102">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02102-n2417-dprk.pdf |first=Asmus |last=Freytag |date=2002-02-13 |id=[[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2]]/WG 2 N2417, UTC L2/02-102 |title=Notes on proposed Symbols from DPRK}}</ref> The emoji characters named {{Nihongo|"Rain"|"雨"|ame}} from all three Japanese carriers were in turn unified with the ARIB character.<ref name="utcL210132"/> However, the Unicode Consortium groups the most significant sources of emoji into four categories:<ref name="UTR51"/>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Source category!!Abbreviations!!Unicode version (year)!!Included sources!!Example
|-
|Zapf Dingbats||ZDings, z||1.0 (1991)||[[ITC Zapf Dingbats|ITC Zapf Dingbats Series 100]]||❣️ (U+2763 ← 0xA3)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/DINGBATS.TXT|title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Dingbats character set to Unicode 3.2 and later.|year=2005|author=Apple, Inc|author-link=Apple, Inc|publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref>
|-
|ARIB||ARIB, a||5.2 (2008)||[[ARIB STD B24 character set|ARIB STD-B24 Volume 1]] extended [[Shift JIS]]||⛩️ (U+26E9 ← 0xEE4B)<ref name="aribsjis">{{cite web |url=https://github.com/google/emoji4unicode/blob/master/data/arib/arib.ucm |title=ARIB Broadcast Symbols Unicode conversion mapping table using ICU's .ucm file format and representing ARIB codes in the Shift-JIS encoding scheme. |first=Markus |last=Scherer |publisher=[[Google LLC|Google]] |date=2008}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|Japanese carriers||rowspan=3|JCarrier, j||rowspan=3|6.0 (2010)||[[NTT DoCoMo]] mobile Shift JIS||🎠 (U+1F3A0 ← 0xF8DA)<ref name="EmojiSources"/>
|-
|[[au by KDDI]] mobile Shift JIS||📌 (U+1F4CC ← 0xF78A)<ref name="EmojiSources"/>
|-
|[[SoftBank Mobile|SoftBank 3G]] mobile Shift JIS||💒 (U+1F492 ← 0xFB7D)<ref name="EmojiSources"/>
|-
|rowspan=4|Wingdings and Webdings||rowspan=4|WDings, w||rowspan=4|7.0 (2014)||[[Webdings]]||🛳️ (U+1F6F3 ← 0x54)<ref name="WDingsSources">{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12368-n4384.pdf |title=Status of encoding of Wingdings and Webdings Symbols |id=[[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2]]/WG 2 N4384, [[Unicode Technical Committee|UTC]] [[INCITS|L2]]/12-368 |date=2012-11-06 |first=Michel |last=Suignard}} (For display consistent with the other source encodings, the prefix digits denoting the specific WDings font have been removed, and the numbers have been converted to hexadecimal.)</ref>
|-
|[[Wingdings]]||🏵️ (U+1F3F5 ← 0x7B)<ref name="WDingsSources"/>
|-
|[[Wingdings 2]]||🖍️ (U+1F58D ← 0x24)<ref name="WDingsSources"/>
|-
|[[Wingdings 3]]||▶️ (U+25B6 ← 0x75)<ref name="WDingsSources"/>{{efn|Also has ARIB (ARIB SJIS 0xEECE)<ref name="aribsjis"/> and JCarrier (SoftBank SJIS 0xF7DA, au SJIS 0xF74A)<ref name="EmojiSources"/> sources.}}<!-- Only two Wingdings-3-sourced characters officially have emoji presentation (▶️ and ◀️), both of which also have JCarrier and ARIB sources. Hence a solely Wingdings 3 sourced character cannot be listed here, unlike with the other sources. -->
|}