Editing Ems Ukaz (section)

== Effectiveness of the ban ==
The Ems Ukaz significantly limited the development of Ukrainian culture in Russia. The [[Hromada (secret society)|Hromada]] association, which had about 100 members before the ukaz, had only 14 after it, and in 1900 it was still only 25.{{Sfn|Shevelov|1989|p=8}} The Ukrainian language was excluded from education at every level. No press, scientific papers or modern, ambitious literature were published in the Ukrainian language.{{Sfn|Shevelov|1989|p=8}} The Ukrainian language was slowly becoming the language of the lower, uneducated masses.{{Sfn|Shevelov|1989|p=8}}

Nonetheless according to Ukrainian historian George Shevelov a plan to silence and annihilate Ukrainian literature failed completely.{{Sfn|Shevelov|1989|p=7}} Books in Ukrainian were still published in the [[Russian Empire]], albeit in the Russian alphabet and often after many years of effort. The ''[[Kievskaia starina|Kievskaia Starina]]'' editors owned a bookstore with Ukrainian books in Kyiv.{{Sfn|Shevelov|1989|p=7}} In 1898, the Moscow-based {{Ill|Charitable Society for the Publication of Inexpensive Books for General Use|uk|Благодійне товариство видання загальнокорисних і дешевих книг}} began printing Ukrainian books for the Ukrainian peasantry.{{Sfn|Shevelov|1989|p=7}} In 1903, [[Southwestern Krai|Kiev Governor-General]] [[Mikhail Dragomirov]] allowed ''Kievskaia Starina'' to publish fiction in Ukrainian.{{Sfn|Shevelov|1989|p=7-8}}

The ban on the import of Ukrainian newspapers and books into Russia has been similarly ineffective. Ukrainian newspapers published in Galicia had numerous subscribers in Russian Ukraine ({{Ill|Zorja (magazine)|lt=Zorja|uk|Зоря (часопис)}}, for example, had 400 subscribers in 1890-1896).{{Sfn|Shevelov|1989|p=8}}