Editing Endometrioid tumor (section)

==Molecular biology==

===CTNNB1 and PTEN mutations===
Ovarian and endometrial endometrioid carcinomas have distinct [[CTNNB1]] and PTEN [[mutation|gene mutation]] profiles. [[PTEN (gene)|PTEN]] mutations are more frequent in low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (67%) compared with low-grade ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (17%). By contrast, CTNNB1 mutations are significantly different in low-grade ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (53%) compared with low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (28%). This difference in CTNNB1 mutation frequency may be reflective of the distinct [[tumoral microenvironment]]s; the epithelial cells lining an [[endometriotic cyst]] within the [[ovary]] are exposed to a highly [[oxidative stress|oxidative environment]] that promotes [[tumorigenesis]].<ref>{{Cite journal | pmid = 23765252| year = 2014| last1 = McConechy| first1 = M. K.| title = Ovarian and endometrial endometrioid carcinomas have distinct CTNNB1 and PTEN mutation profiles| journal = Modern Pathology| volume = 27| issue = 1| pages = 128–34| last2 = Ding| first2 = J| last3 = Senz| first3 = J| last4 = Yang| first4 = W| last5 = Melnyk| first5 = N| last6 = Tone| first6 = A. A.| last7 = Prentice| first7 = L. M.| last8 = Wiegand| first8 = K. C.| last9 = McAlpine| first9 = J. N.| last10 = Shah| first10 = S. P.| last11 = Lee| first11 = C. H.| last12 = Goodfellow| first12 = P. J.| last13 = Gilks| first13 = C. B.| last14 = Huntsman| first14 = D. G.| doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2013.107| pmc = 3915240}}</ref>