Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Endosymbiont
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
=== Horizontal === Horizontal symbiont transfer ([[horizontal transmission]]) is a process where a host acquires a facultative symbiont from the environment or another host.<ref name="Bright-2010" /> The Rhizobia-Legume symbiosis (bacteria-plant endosymbiosis) is a prime example of this modality.<ref name="Gage-2004" /> The Rhizobia-legume symbiotic relationship is important for processes such as the formation of root nodules. It starts with flavonoids released by the legume host, which causes the rhizobia species (endosymbiont) to activate its ''Nod'' genes.<ref name="Gage-2004">{{Cite journal |last=Gage |first=Daniel J. |date=June 2004 |title=Infection and Invasion of Roots by Symbiotic, Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia during Nodulation of Temperate Legumes |journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews |language=en |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=280β300 |doi=10.1128/MMBR.68.2.280-300.2004 |issn=1092-2172 |pmc=419923 |pmid=15187185}}</ref> These ''Nod'' genes generate [[Lipopolysaccharide|lipooligosaccharide]] signals that the legume detects, leading to root nodule formation.<ref name="pmid109930772">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shigenobu S, Watanabe H, Hattori M, Sakaki Y, Ishikawa H |date=September 2000 |title=Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp. APS |journal=Nature |volume=407 |issue=6800 |pages=81β86 |bibcode=2000Natur.407...81S |doi=10.1038/35024074 |pmid=10993077 |doi-access=free}}</ref> This process bleeds into other processes such as nitrogen fixation in plants.<ref name="Gage-2004" /> The evolutionary advantage of such an interaction allows genetic exchange between both organisms involved to increase the propensity for novel functions as seen in the plant-bacterium interaction ([[holobiont]] formation).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chrostek |first1=Ewa |last2=Pelz-Stelinski |first2=Kirsten |last3=Hurst |first3=Gregory D. D. |last4=Hughes |first4=Grant L. |date=2017 |title=Horizontal Transmission of Intracellular Insect Symbionts via Plants |journal=Frontiers in Microbiology |volume=8 |page=2237 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2017.02237 |issn=1664-302X |pmc=5712413 |pmid=29234308 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)