Editing English Springer Spaniel (section)

== Health ==
A 2022 UK study found a life expectancy of 11.92 years for the breed, above the average of 11.23 years.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Teng | first=Kendy Tzu-yun | last2=Brodbelt | first2=Dave C. | last3=Pegram | first3=Camilla | last4=Church | first4=David B. | last5=O’Neill | first5=Dan G. | title=Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2022-04-28 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6 | page=| pmc=9050668 }}</ref> A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.5 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for [[Mongrel|crossbreeds]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=McMillan | first=Kirsten M. | last2=Bielby | first2=Jon | last3=Williams | first3=Carys L. | last4=Upjohn | first4=Melissa M. | last5=Casey | first5=Rachel A. | last6=Christley | first6=Robert M. | title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2024-02-01 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w | page=| pmc=10834484 }}</ref> A 2005 Swedish study found 29% of Springer Spaniels died by the age of 10, less than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Egenvall | first=A | last2=Bonnett | first2=Bn | last3=Hedhammar | first3=å | last4=Olson | first4=P | title=Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death | journal=Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica | volume=46 | issue=3 | date=2005-09-30 | issn=1751-0147 | pmid=16261925 | pmc=1624818 | doi=10.1186/1751-0147-46-121 | doi-access=free | page=}}</ref>

Skin conditions the breed is predisposed to include: [[acral mutilation syndrome]], [[intertrigo]], [[lichenoid psoriasis–form dermatitis]], [[Malassezia]] [[dermatitis]], [[otitis externa]], and [[seborrhoea|primary seborrhoea]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Hnilica | first=Keith A. | last2=Patterson | first2=Adam P. | title=Small Animal Dermatology | publisher=Saunders | publication-place=St. Louis (Miss.) | date=2016-09-19 | isbn=978-0-323-37651-8 | page=}}</ref>

An American study reviewing over a million cases presented to 27 veterinary teaching hospitals in North America found the English Springer Spaniel to be prediposed to [[canine hip dysplasia]], with 4.39% of dogs having the condition compared to 3.52% overall.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Witsberger | first=Tige H. | last2=Villamil | first2=J. Armando | last3=Schultz | first3=Loren G. | last4=Hahn | first4=Allen W. | last5=Cook | first5=James L. | title=Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs | journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | publisher=American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) | volume=232 | issue=12 | date=2008-06-15 | issn=0003-1488 | doi=10.2460/javma.232.12.1818 | pages=1818–1824}}</ref> A survey of UK breed club members found cancer to be the most common cause of death at 26.7% of deaths.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Adams | first=V. J. | last2=Evans | first2=K. M. | last3=Sampson | first3=J. | last4=Wood | first4=J. L. N. | title=Methods and mortality results of a health survey of purebred dogs in the UK | journal=Journal of Small Animal Practice | volume=51 | issue=10 | date=2010-10-01 | doi=10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00974.x | pages=512–524}}</ref>

English Springer Spaniels have a predisposition to [[chronic hepatitis]]. The form of chronic hepatitis in the breed is more severe, affects younger dogs, and is more likely to affect bitches.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Bexfield | first=Nicholas H. | last2=Watson | first2=Penny J. | last3=Aguirre-Hernandez | first3=Jesús | last4=Sargan | first4=David R. | last5=Tiley | first5=Laurence | last6=Heeney | first6=Jonathan L. | last7=Kennedy | first7=Lorna J. | title=DLA Class II Alleles and Haplotypes Are Associated with Risk for and Protection from Chronic Hepatitis in the English Springer Spaniel | journal=PLoS ONE | volume=7 | issue=8 | date=2012-08-01 | issn=1932-6203 | pmid=22870335 | pmc=3411618 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0042584 | doi-access=free | page=e42584}}</ref> One study found the English Springer Spaniel to be 6.3 times more likely to acquire the disease.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Bandara | first=Y. | last2=Bayton | first2=W. A. | last3=Williams | first3=T. L. | last4=Scase | first4=T. | last5=Bexfield | first5=N. H. | title=Histopathological frequency of canine hepatobiliary disease in the United Kingdom | journal=Journal of Small Animal Practice | volume=62 | issue=9 | date=2021 | issn=0022-4510 | doi=10.1111/jsap.13354 | pages=730–736}}</ref> Another study found an odds ratio of 5.3.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Bexfield | first=N.H. | last2=Buxton | first2=R.J. | last3=Vicek | first3=T.J. | last4=Day | first4=M.J. | last5=Bailey | first5=S.M. | last6=Haugland | first6=S.P. | last7=Morrison | first7=L.R. | last8=Else | first8=R.W. | last9=Constantino-Casas | first9=F. | last10=Watson | first10=P.J. | title=Breed, age and gender distribution of dogs with chronic hepatitis in the United Kingdom | journal=The Veterinary Journal | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=193 | issue=1 | year=2012 | issn=1090-0233 | doi=10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.11.024 | pages=124–128| hdl=20.500.11820/6d61eb61-cd9f-4d69-b12f-7f17036e581e | hdl-access=free }}</ref>