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Environmental factor
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==Research initiatives== As of 2016, it may not be possible to measure or model the full exposome, but several European projects have started to make first attempts. In 2012, the [[European Commission]] awarded two large grants to pursue exposome-related research.<ref name=nature>{{cite journal | vauthors = Callaway E | title = Daily dose of toxics to be tracked | journal = Nature | volume = 491 | issue = 7426 | pages = 647 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 23192121 | doi = 10.1038/491647a | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2012Natur.491..647C }}</ref> The HELIX project at the [[Barcelona]]-based Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology was launched around 2014, and aimed to develop an early-life exposome.<ref name="dx.doi.org"/> A second project, Exposomics, based at [[Imperial College London]], launched in 2012, aimed to use smartphones utilising GPS and environmental sensors to assess exposures.<ref name=nature/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.exposomicsproject.eu/ | title = About Exposomics | work = EU }}</ref> In late 2013, a major initiative called the "Health and Environment-Wide Associations based on Large Scale population Surveys" or HEALS, began. Touted as the largest environmental health-related study in Europe, HEALS proposes to adopt a paradigm defined by interactions between DNA sequence, [[epigenetic]] DNA modifications, gene expression, and environmental factors.<ref>{{cite web|title=HEALS-EU.|url=http://www.heals-eu.eu/|access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref> In December 2011, the US [[National Academy of Sciences]] hosted a meeting entitled "Emerging Technologies for Measuring Individual Exposomes."<ref>{{cite web|title=National Academy of Sciences meeting|url=http://nas-sites.org/emergingscience/meetings/exposome/|access-date=21 January 2013}}</ref> A [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] overview, "Exposome and Exposomics", outlines the three priority areas for researching the occupational exposome as identified by the [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]].<ref name="CDC"/> The [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) has invested in technologies supporting exposome-related research including biosensors, and supports research on [[gene–environment interaction]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=NIEHS Gene-Environment studies|url=http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science/gene-env/index.cfm|access-date=21 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Genes and Environment Initiative|url=http://www.genome.gov/19518663|access-date=21 January 2013}}</ref>
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