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Ergative–absolutive alignment
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==== Differing noun-pronoun alignment ==== In rare cases, such as the [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australian Aboriginal language]] [[Nhanda language|Nhanda]], different nominal elements may follow a different case-alignment template. In Nhanda, common nouns have ergative-absolutive alignment—like in most Australian languages—but most pronouns instead follow a [[Nominative–accusative alignment|nominative-accusative]] template. In Nhanda, the [[absolutive case]] has a null suffix while [[ergative case]] is marked with some [[allomorph]] of the suffixes ''-nggu'' or ''-lu.'' See the common noun paradigm at play below:<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Laughren|first1=Mary|last2=Blevins|first2=Juliette|date=June 2003|title=Nhanda: An Aboriginal Language of Western Australia|journal=Oceanic Linguistics|volume=42|issue=1|pages=259|doi=10.2307/3623460|jstor=3623460}}</ref> '''Intransitive Subject (ABS)''' {{Interlinear|pundu yatka-yu|rain.ABS go-ABL.NFUT|Rain is coming.}} '''Transitive Subject-Object (ERG-ABS)''' {{Interlinear|nyarlu-nggu yawarda nha-'i|woman-ERG kangaroo.ABS see-PAST|The woman saw the kangaroo}} Compare the above examples with the case marking of pronouns in Nhanda below, wherein all subjects (regardless of verb transitivity) are marked (in this case with a null suffix) the same for case while transitive objects take the [[Accusative case|accusative]] suffix ''-nha''. '''Intransitive Pronoun Subject (NOM)''' {{Interlinear|wandha-ra-nyja yatka-ndha?|Where-3.OBL-2SG.NOM go-NPAST|Where are you going?}} '''Transitive Pronoun Subject-Object (NOM-ACC)''' {{Interlinear|nyini nha-'i ngayi-nha|2.NOM see-PST 1-ACC|You saw me}}
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