Editing Evolutionary taxonomy (section)

== Terminological difference ==
The two approaches, evolutionary taxonomy and the phylogenetic systematics derived from [[Willi Hennig]], differ in the use of the word "[[Monophyly|monophyletic]]". For evolutionary systematicists, "monophyletic" means only that a group is derived from a single common ancestor. In [[phylogenetic nomenclature]], there is an added caveat that the ancestral species and all descendants should be included in the group.<ref name="grant2003"/> The term "[[Holophyly|holophyletic]]" has been proposed for the latter meaning. As an example, [[amphibian]]s are monophyletic under evolutionary taxonomy, since they have arisen from fishes only once. Under phylogenetic taxonomy, amphibians do not constitute a monophyletic group in that the [[amniote]]s ([[reptile]]s, [[bird]]s and [[mammal]]s) have evolved from an amphibian ancestor and yet are not considered amphibians. Such [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]] groups are rejected in phylogenetic nomenclature, but are considered a signal of serial descent by evolutionary taxonomists.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Zander | first1 = R. H. | year = 2008 | title = Evolutionary inferences from non-monophyly on molecular trees | journal = Taxon | volume = 57 | issue = 4 | pages = 1182–1188 | doi = 10.1002/tax.574011 }}</ref>