Editing Exclusive dealing (section)

== De facto/partial exclusive dealing ==
De Facto, also known as partial exclusive dealing,<ref name="auto">{{cite conference|url=https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/1421189/abbott_-_icn_workshop_11-2-18.pdf|last=Abbott|first=Alden F.|title=Exclusive Dealing and Competition: A US FTC View|access-date=January 20, 2023|date=November 2, 2018|conference=ICN Workshop|conference-url=https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ICN-Column-December-2018-Full.pdf|location=Stellenbosch, South Africa}}</ref> occurs in the presence of:

* '''Loyalty discounts''', a discount when buyer purchases majority of goods from  one  supplier<ref>{{cite journal|title=Discounts as a Barrier to Entry|last1=Ide|first1=Enrique|last2=Montero|first2=Juan-Pablo|last3=Figueroa|first3=Nicolás|journal=[[American Economic Review]]|date=July 2016|volume=106|number=7|pages=1849–1877|doi=10.1257/aer.20140131}}</ref>
* '''Slotting allowances''', the supplier pays a fee to secure shelf space from the buyer
* '''Requirements contracts''', agreement to purchase all units form one supplier, as buyer cannot purchase from any other supplier in the market , which is a term stated in a buyer/supplier contract