Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Face
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
====Other characteristics==== Visible variable features of the face other than shapes and proportions include color (paleness, [[sun tan]] and [[skin color|genetic default pigmentation]]), hair (length, [[Human hair color|color]], [[hair loss|loss]], [[hair graying|graying]]), [[wrinkle]]s,<ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0008021"/><ref name="10.1111/ics.12128"/> facial hair (e.g. [[beard]]s), skin sagging,<ref name="10.1111/ics.12128"/> discolorations<ref name="10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z"/> ([[Hyperpigmentation|dark spots]],<ref name="10.1111/ics.12128"/> [[freckle]]s and [[Periorbital dark circles|eye circles]]<ref name="10.1111/ics.12128"/>), [[Sweat gland|pore]]-variabilities,<ref name="10.1117/12.975404"/> skin blemishes ([[pimple]]s, [[scar]]s, [[burn|burn marks]]). Many of these features can also vary over time due to [[aging]],<ref name="10.1111/ics.12128">{{cite journal |last1=Porcheron |first1=A. |last2=Latreille |first2=J. |last3=Jdid |first3=R. |last4=Tschachler |first4=E. |last5=Morizot |first5=F. |title=Influence of skin ageing features on Chinese women's perception of facial age and attractiveness |journal=International Journal of Cosmetic Science |date=August 2014 |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=312–320 |doi=10.1111/ics.12128 |pmid=24712710 |pmc=4283052 |s2cid=1546162 |language=en |issn=0142-5463}}</ref><ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0008021"/><ref name="10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z">{{cite journal |last1=Buranasirin |first1=Punnapath |last2=Pongpirul |first2=Krit |last3=Meephansan |first3=Jitlada |title=Development of a Global Subjective Skin Aging Assessment score from the perspective of dermatologists |journal=BMC Research Notes |date=28 June 2019 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=364 |doi=10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z |pmid=31253172 |pmc=6599371 |language=en |issn=1756-0500 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[skin care]], nutrition,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cao |first1=Changwei |last2=Xiao |first2=Zhichao |last3=Wu |first3=Yinglong |last4=Ge |first4=Changrong |title=Diet and Skin Aging—From the Perspective of Food Nutrition |journal=Nutrients |date=March 2020 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=870 |doi=10.3390/nu12030870 |pmid=32213934 |pmc=7146365 |language=en |issn=2072-6643|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mekić |first1=Selma |last2=Jacobs |first2=Leonie C. |last3=Hamer |first3=Merel A. |last4=Ikram |first4=M. Arfan |last5=Schoufour |first5=Josje D. |last6=Gunn |first6=David A. |last7=Kiefte-de Jong |first7=Jessica C. |last8=Nijsten |first8=Tamar |title=A healthy diet in women is associated with less facial wrinkles in a large Dutch population-based cohort |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology |date=1 May 2019 |volume=80 |issue=5 |pages=1358–1363.e2 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.033 |pmid=29601935 |s2cid=4487261 |language=en |issn=0190-9622}}</ref><ref name="10.1111/jdv.16614">{{cite journal |last1=Passeron |first1=T. |last2=Krutmann |first2=J. |last3=Andersen |first3=M.L. |last4=Katta |first4=R. |last5=Zouboulis |first5=C.C. |title=Clinical and biological impact of the exposome on the skin |journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology |date=July 2020 |volume=34 |issue=S4 |pages=4–25 |doi=10.1111/jdv.16614 |pmid=32677068 |s2cid=220609978 |language=en |issn=0926-9959|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002"/><ref name="10.3892/etm.2019.8342">{{cite journal |last1=Lupu |first1=Mihaela-Adi |last2=Gradisteanu Pircalabioru |first2=Gratiela |last3=Chifiriuc |first3=Mariana-Carmen |last4=Albulescu |first4=Radu |last5=Tanase |first5=Cristiana |title=Beneficial effects of food supplements based on hydrolyzed collagen for skin care (Review) |journal=Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine |date=1 July 2020 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=12–17 |doi=10.3892/etm.2019.8342 |pmid=32508986 |pmc=7271718 |s2cid=213518696 |issn=1792-0981}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marcílio Cândido |first1=Thalita |last2=Bueno Ariede |first2=Maíra |last3=Vieira Lima |first3=Fabiana |last4=de Souza Guedes |first4=Luciana |last5=Robles Velasco |first5=Maria Valéria |last6=Rolim Baby |first6=André |last7=Rosado |first7=Catarina |title=Dietary Supplements and the Skin: Focus on Photoprotection and Antioxidant Activity—A Review |journal=Nutrients |date=16 March 2022 |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=1248 |doi=10.3390/nu14061248 |pmid=35334905 |pmc=8953599 |language=en |issn=2072-6643|doi-access=free }}</ref> the [[exposome]]<ref name="10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015">{{cite journal |last1=Krutmann |first1=Jean |last2=Bouloc |first2=Anne |last3=Sore |first3=Gabrielle |last4=Bernard |first4=Bruno A. |last5=Passeron |first5=Thierry |title=The skin aging exposome |journal=Journal of Dermatological Science |date=1 March 2017 |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=152–161 |doi=10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015 |pmid=27720464 |language=en |issn=0923-1811|doi-access=free }}</ref> (such as harmful substances of the general environment,<ref name="10.1111/jdv.16614"/><ref name="10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015"/> workplace and cosmetics), psychological factors,<ref name="10.1111/jdv.16614"/> and behavior (such as smoking,<ref name="10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015"/> sleep,<ref name="10.1111/jdv.16614"/> physical activity and [[Health effects of sunlight exposure|sun damage]]<ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0008021"/><ref name="10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z"/><ref name="10.1111/jdv.16614"/>). Mechanisms underlying these include changes related to [[peptide]]s (notably [[collagen]]),<ref name="10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z"/><ref name="10.1111/jdv.16614"/> [[inflammation]],<ref name="10.1111/jdv.16614"/><ref name="10.3892/etm.2019.8342"/> production of various proteins (notably [[elastin]] and other [[extracellular matrix protein|ECM proteins]]),<ref name="10.3892/etm.2019.8342"/> the structure of [[subcutaneous tissue]],<ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0008021">{{cite journal |last1=Gunn |first1=David A. |last2=Rexbye |first2=Helle |last3=Griffiths |first3=Christopher E. M. |last4=Murray |first4=Peter G. |last5=Fereday |first5=Amelia |last6=Catt |first6=Sharon D. |last7=Tomlin |first7=Cyrena C. |last8=Strongitharm |first8=Barbara H. |last9=Perrett |first9=Dave I. |last10=Catt |first10=Michael |last11=Mayes |first11=Andrew E. |last12=Messenger |first12=Andrew G. |last13=Green |first13=Martin R. |last14=Ouderaa |first14=Frans van der |last15=Vaupel |first15=James W. |last16=Christensen |first16=Kaare |title=Why Some Women Look Young for Their Age |journal=PLOS ONE |date=1 December 2009 |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=e8021 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0008021 |pmid=19956599 |pmc=2779449 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.8021G |language=en |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z"/> [[hormone]]s,<ref name="10.1111/jdv.16614"/> fibers (such as elastic fibers or elasticity)<ref name="10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z"/> and the [[skin barrier]].<ref name="10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015"/> The desire of many to look young for their age and/or attractive<ref name="10.1111/ics.12128"/> has led to the establishment of a large [[cosmetics industry]],<ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0008021"/> which is largely concerned with [[make-up]] that is applied on top of the skin (topically) to temporarily change appearance but it or [[dermatology]] also develop [[anti-aging product]]s (and related products and procedures) that in some cases affect underlying biology and are partly applied preventively.<ref name="10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002"/> Facial traits are also used in [[biometric]]s<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reid |first1=D.A. |last2=Samangooei |first2=S. |last3=Chen |first3=C. |last4=Nixon |first4=M.S. |last5=Ross |first5=A. |title=Soft Biometrics for Surveillance: An Overview |journal=Handbook of Statistics |date=2013 |volume=31 |pages=327–352 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-444-53859-8.00013-8 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780444538598 |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/342219/1/Chapter%252013%2520hb%2520statistics.pdf |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Arbab-Zavar |first1=Banafshe |last2=Wei |first2=Xingjie |last3=Bustard |first3=John D. |last4=Nixon |first4=Mark S. |last5=Li |first5=Chang-Tsun |chapter=On Forensic Use of Biometrics |title=Handbook of Digital Forensics of Multimedia Data and Devices |date=18 December 2015 |pages=270–304 |doi=10.1002/9781118705773.ch7 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |isbn=9781118705773 |language=en}}</ref> and there have been attempts at reproducible quantifications.<ref name="10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z"/><ref name="10.1117/12.975404">{{cite journal |last1=Gartstein |first1=Vladimir |last2=Shaya |first2=Steven A. |editor-first1=Samuel J |editor-first2=Roger H |editor-last1=Dwyer Iii |editor-last2=Schneider |title=Image Analysis Of Facial Skin Features |journal=Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (Spie) Conference Series |series=Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine XIV and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems |date=12 June 1986 |volume=0626 |pages=284 |doi=10.1117/12.975404|bibcode=1986SPIE..626..284G |s2cid=129634133 }}</ref> [[Human skin|Skin]] health is considered a major factor in human [[well-being]] and the perception of health in humans.<ref name="10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002">{{cite journal |last1=Zouboulis |first1=Christos C. |last2=Ganceviciene |first2=Ruta |last3=Liakou |first3=Aikaterini I. |last4=Theodoridis |first4=Athanasios |last5=Elewa |first5=Rana |last6=Makrantonaki |first6=Eugenia |title=Aesthetic aspects of skin aging, prevention, and local treatment |journal=Clinics in Dermatology |date=1 July 2019 |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=365–372 |doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002 |pmid=31345325 |s2cid=149692214 |language=en |issn=0738-081X}}</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)