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Faceted classification
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=== Colon classification for library materials === The [[Colon Classification]] developed by [[S. R. Ranganathan]] is an example of general faceted classification designed to be applied to all library materials. In the Colon Classification system, a book is assigned a set of values from each independent facet.<ref>Garfield, E. (1984, February). "A Tribute to S. R. Ranganathan, the father of Indian library science". ''Essays of an Information Scientist'', 7, 37-44.</ref> This facet formula uses punctuation marks and symbols placed between the facets to connect them. Colon classification was named after its use of the colon as the primary symbol in its notation.<ref>Chan, L. M. (1994). Cataloging and classification. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ranganathan |first1=S. R. |title=Colon classification |date=2007 |publisher=Ess Ess Publications |isbn=9788170004233 |edition=6th| url=http://www.essessreference.com/servlet/esGetBiblio?bno=000374}}</ref> Ranganathan stated that [[hierarchical classification]] schemes like the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) or the Library of Congress Subject Headings are too limiting and finite to use for modern classification and that many items can pertain information to more than one subject. He organized his classification scheme into 42 classes. Each class can be categorized according to particular characteristics, that he called facets. Ranganathan said that there are five fundamental categories that can be used to demonstrate the facets of a subject: personality, material, energy, space and time. He called this the PMEST formula:<ref>Ranganathan, S. R (1987). Colon classification, 7th ed. revised and edited by M.A. Gopinath. Bangalore: Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science, 1987</ref> *Personality is the most specific or focal subject. *[[Matter]] is the substance, properties or materials of the subject. *Energy includes the processes, operations and activities. *Space relates to the geographic location of the subject. *Time refers to the dates or seasons of the subject.
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