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== Role in disease == {{See also|Prothrombin complex concentrate}} {{anchor|nonacog alfa}}{{anchor|nonacog gamma}}{{anchor|albutrepenonacog alfa}}{{anchor|eftrenonacog alfa}}{{anchor|nonacog beta pegol}}{{anchor|coagulation factor IX}} {{Infobox drug | INN = nonacog alfa | image = | width = | alt = | caption = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = | tradename = Benefix | Drugs.com = | MedlinePlus = | DailyMedID = Coagulation Factor IX | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = | class = | ATC_prefix = None | ATC_suffix = | ATC_supplemental = | biosimilars = <!-- Legal status --> | legal_AU = S4 | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> | legal_US_comment = | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = | duration_of_action = | excretion = <!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID = | UNII = | KEGG = | ChEBI = | ChEMBL = | NIAID_ChemDB = | PDB_ligand = | synonyms = <!-- Chemical and physical data --> | IUPAC_name = | chemical_formula_ref = | chemical_formula = | C= | H= | Ag= | Al= | As= | Au= | B= | Bi= | Br= | Ca= | Cl= | Co= | F= | Fe= | Gd= | I= | K= | Li= | Mg= | Mn= | N= | Na= | O= | P= | Pt= | S= | Sb= | Se= | Sr= | Tc= | Zn= | charge= | molecular_weight = | molecular_weight_comment = | SMILES = | StdInChI = | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey = | density = | density_notes = | melting_point = | melting_high = | melting_notes = | boiling_point = | boiling_notes = | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Infobox drug | INN = nonacog gamma | image = | width = | alt = | caption = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = | tradename = Rixubis | Drugs.com = | MedlinePlus = | DailyMedID = <!-- DailyMed may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) --> | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = [[Intravenous]] | class = | ATC_prefix = None | ATC_suffix = | ATC_supplemental = | biosimilars = <!-- Legal status --> | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled --> | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> | legal_US_comment = | legal_EU = Rx-only | legal_EU_comment = <ref name="Rixubis EPAR">{{cite web | title=Rixubis EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=19 December 2014 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rixubis | access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = | duration_of_action = | excretion = <!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID = | UNII = | KEGG = | ChEBI = | ChEMBL = | NIAID_ChemDB = | PDB_ligand = | synonyms = <!-- Chemical and physical data --> | IUPAC_name = | chemical_formula_ref = | chemical_formula = | C= | H= | Ag= | Al= | As= | Au= | B= | Bi= | Br= | Ca= | Cl= | Co= | F= | Fe= | Gd= | I= | K= | Li= | Mg= | Mn= | N= | Na= | O= | P= | Pt= | S= | Sb= | Se= | Sr= | Tc= | Zn= | charge= | molecular_weight = | molecular_weight_comment = | SMILES = | StdInChI = | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey = | density = | density_notes = | melting_point = | melting_high = | melting_notes = | boiling_point = | boiling_notes = | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Infobox drug | INN = albutrepenonacog alfa | image = | width = | alt = | caption = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = | tradename = Idelvion | Drugs.com = | MedlinePlus = | DailyMedID = Coagulation Factor IX | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_category = | dependency_liability = | addiction_liability = | routes_of_administration = | class = | ATC_prefix = None | ATC_suffix = | ATC_supplemental = | biosimilars = <!-- Legal status --> | legal_AU = S4 | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = Rx-only | legal_CA_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2016 Highlights | website=[[Health Canada]] | date=14 March 2017 | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/drugs-health-products/health-canada-new-drug-authorizations-2016-highlights.html | access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref> | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> | legal_US_comment = | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = | duration_of_action = | excretion = <!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID = | UNII = | KEGG = | ChEBI = | ChEMBL = | NIAID_ChemDB = | PDB_ligand = | synonyms = <!-- Chemical and physical data --> | IUPAC_name = | chemical_formula_ref = | chemical_formula = | C= | H= | Ag= | Al= | As= | Au= | B= | Bi= | Br= | Ca= | Cl= | Co= | F= | Fe= | Gd= | I= | K= | Li= | Mg= | Mn= | N= | Na= | O= | P= | Pt= | S= | Sb= | Se= | Sr= | Tc= | Zn= | charge= | molecular_weight = | molecular_weight_comment = | SMILES = | StdInChI = | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey = | density = | density_notes = | melting_point = | melting_high = | melting_notes = | boiling_point = | boiling_notes = | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Infobox drug | INN = eftrenonacog alfa | image = | width = | alt = | caption = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = | tradename = Alprolix | Drugs.com = | MedlinePlus = | DailyMedID = Coagulation Factor IX | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_category = | dependency_liability = | addiction_liability = | routes_of_administration = | class = | ATC_prefix = None | ATC_suffix = | ATC_supplemental = | biosimilars = <!-- Legal status --> | legal_AU = S4 | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> | legal_US_comment = | legal_EU = Rx-only | legal_EU_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Alprolix EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=8 June 2007 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/alprolix | access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref> | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = | duration_of_action = | excretion = <!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID = | UNII = | KEGG = | ChEBI = | ChEMBL = | NIAID_ChemDB = | PDB_ligand = | synonyms = <!-- Chemical and physical data --> | IUPAC_name = | chemical_formula_ref = | chemical_formula = | C= | H= | Ag= | Al= | As= | Au= | B= | Bi= | Br= | Ca= | Cl= | Co= | F= | Fe= | Gd= | I= | K= | Li= | Mg= | Mn= | N= | Na= | O= | P= | Pt= | S= | Sb= | Se= | Sr= | Tc= | Zn= | charge= | molecular_weight = | molecular_weight_comment = | SMILES = | StdInChI = | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey = | density = | density_notes = | melting_point = | melting_high = | melting_notes = | boiling_point = | boiling_notes = | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Infobox drug | INN = nonacog beta pegol | image = | width = | alt = | caption = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = | tradename = Refixia | Drugs.com = | MedlinePlus = | DailyMedID = <!-- DailyMed may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) --> | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_category = | dependency_liability = | addiction_liability = | routes_of_administration = | class = | ATC_prefix = None | ATC_suffix = | ATC_supplemental = | biosimilars = <!-- Legal status --> | legal_AU = S4 | legal_AU_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Refixia (Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd) | website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) | date=13 September 2024 | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/refixia-novo-nordisk-pharmaceuticals-pty-ltd-0 | access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref> | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> | legal_US_comment = | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = | duration_of_action = | excretion = <!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID = | UNII = | KEGG = | ChEBI = | ChEMBL = | NIAID_ChemDB = | PDB_ligand = | synonyms = <!-- Chemical and physical data --> | IUPAC_name = | chemical_formula_ref = | chemical_formula = | C= | H= | Ag= | Al= | As= | Au= | B= | Bi= | Br= | Ca= | Cl= | Co= | F= | Fe= | Gd= | I= | K= | Li= | Mg= | Mn= | N= | Na= | O= | P= | Pt= | S= | Sb= | Se= | Sr= | Tc= | Zn= | charge= | molecular_weight = | molecular_weight_comment = | SMILES = | StdInChI = | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey = | density = | density_notes = | melting_point = | melting_high = | melting_notes = | boiling_point = | boiling_notes = | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} Deficiency of factor IX causes Christmas disease ([[hemophilia B]]).<ref name="PMD12997790" /> Over 3000 variants of factor IX have been described, affecting 73% of the 461 residues;<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1111/jth.12958|title = Hemophilia B: Molecular pathogenesis and mutation analysis|year = 2015|last1 = Goodeve|first1 = A. C.|journal = Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis|volume = 13|issue = 7|pages = 1184β1195|pmid = 25851415|pmc = 4496316}}</ref> some cause no symptoms, but many lead to a significant bleeding disorder. The original Christmas disease mutation was identified by sequencing of Christmas' DNA, revealing a mutation which changed a cysteine to a serine.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Taylor SA, Duffin J, Cameron C, Teitel J, Garvey B, Lillicrap DP | title = Characterization of the original Christmas disease mutation (cysteine 206----serine): from clinical recognition to molecular pathogenesis | journal = Thrombosis and Haemostasis | volume = 67 | issue = 1 | pages = 63β5 | date = Jan 1992 | pmid = 1615485 | doi = 10.1055/s-0038-1648381 | s2cid = 25251813 }}</ref> [[Recombinant DNA|Recombinant]] factor IX is used to treat Christmas disease. Formulations include: * nonacog alfa (brand name Benefix)<ref>{{cite web | title=Benefix EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=17 September 2018 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/benefix | access-date=17 June 2020 | archive-date=17 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617185142/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/benefix | url-status=live }}</ref> * nonacog gamma (brand name Rixubis)<ref name="Rixubis EPAR" /> * albutrepenonacog alfa (brand name Idelvion)<ref>{{cite web | title=Idelvion EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=17 September 2018 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/idelvion | access-date=17 June 2020 | archive-date=17 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617185347/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/idelvion | url-status=live }}</ref> * eftrenonacog alfa (brand name Alprolix)<ref>{{cite web | title=Alprolix EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=17 September 2018 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/alprolix | access-date=17 June 2020 | archive-date=11 August 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811013858/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/alprolix | url-status=live }}</ref> * nonacog beta pegol (brand name Refixia)<ref>{{cite web | title=Refixia EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=17 September 2018 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/refixia | access-date=17 June 2020 | archive-date=18 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618123853/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/refixia | url-status=live }}</ref> * coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Benefix)<ref>{{cite web | title=Benefix (coagulation factor ix- recombinant kit | website=DailyMed | date=1 March 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=85faa5bc-cee5-4ef1-8d80-bdbcb7eba1e4 | access-date=23 March 2024 | archive-date=29 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129101744/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=85faa5bc-cee5-4ef1-8d80-bdbcb7eba1e4 | url-status=live }}</ref> * coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Idelvion)<ref>{{cite web | title=Idelvion- coagulation factor ix recombinant human kit | website=DailyMed | date=30 June 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f74301bf-95e2-44ab-a8b6-98aa07b04683 | access-date=23 March 2024 | archive-date=27 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127043907/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f74301bf-95e2-44ab-a8b6-98aa07b04683 | url-status=live }}</ref> * coagulation factor IX (recombinant), Fc fusion protein (Alprolix)<ref>{{cite web | title=Alprolix (coagulation factor ix- recombinant, fc fusion protein kit | website=DailyMed | date=25 May 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2fb3fb92-379d-4683-80d6-b06c0a7dc063 | access-date=23 March 2024 | archive-date=7 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207041747/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2fb3fb92-379d-4683-80d6-b06c0a7dc063 | url-status=live }}</ref> * coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Ixinity)<ref>{{cite web | title=Ixinity (coagulation factor ix- recombinant kit | website=DailyMed | date=23 February 2021 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9521898c-61aa-44ab-8ab8-84274ca19943 | access-date=23 March 2024 | archive-date=28 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928022338/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9521898c-61aa-44ab-8ab8-84274ca19943 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Ixinity (coagulation factor ix- recombinant kit | website=DailyMed | date=9 January 2024 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=26bc221d-c9bc-4aba-92f3-6c21acaaf194 | access-date=23 March 2024 | archive-date=3 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203225735/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=26bc221d-c9bc-4aba-92f3-6c21acaaf194 | url-status=live }}</ref> * coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Rebinyn)<ref>{{cite web | title=Rebinyn ((coagulation factor ix- recombinant, glycopegylated kit | website=DailyMed | date=11 August 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0ea37235-35fd-410d-b8c4-40ba15fe1294 | access-date=23 March 2024 | archive-date=29 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129210522/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0ea37235-35fd-410d-b8c4-40ba15fe1294 | url-status=live }}</ref> * coagulation factor IX [recombinant] (Rixubis)<ref>{{cite web | title=Rixubis (coagulation factor ix- recombinant kit | website=DailyMed | date=22 March 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f5070a92-96b8-476a-a2dc-18b22d95e5e0 | access-date=23 March 2024 | archive-date=2 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702231401/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f5070a92-96b8-476a-a2dc-18b22d95e5e0 | url-status=live }}</ref> * coagulation factor IX (human) (Alphanine SD)<ref>{{cite web | title=Alphanine SD (coagulation factor ix- human kit | website=DailyMed | date=18 January 2024 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3e99052d-4442-4283-8915-c9a796c77008 | access-date=23 March 2024 | archive-date=18 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218105505/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3e99052d-4442-4283-8915-c9a796c77008 | url-status=live }}</ref> Some rare mutations of factor IX result in elevated clotting activity, and can result in clotting diseases, such as [[deep vein thrombosis]]. This [[mutation|gain of function]] mutation renders the protein hyperfunctional and is associated with familial early-onset thrombophilia.<ref name="pmid19846852">{{cite journal | vauthors = Simioni P, Tormene D, Tognin G, Gavasso S, Bulato C, Iacobelli NP, Finn JD, Spiezia L, Radu C, Arruda VR | title = X-linked thrombophilia with a mutant factor IX (factor IX Padua) | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 361 | issue = 17 | pages = 1671β5 | date = Oct 2009 | pmid = 19846852 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa0904377 | doi-access = free | hdl = 11577/2438365 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> Factor IX deficiency is treated by injection of purified factor IX produced through cloning in various animal or animal cell vectors. [[Tranexamic acid]] may be of value in patients undergoing surgery who have inherited factor IX deficiency in order to reduce the perioperative risk of bleeding.<ref name="pmid21712351">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rossi M, Jayaram R, Sayeed R | title = Do patients with haemophilia undergoing cardiac surgery have good surgical outcomes? | journal = Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery | volume = 13 | issue = 3 | pages = 320β31 | date = Sep 2011 | pmid = 21712351 | doi = 10.1510/icvts.2011.272401 | doi-access = free }}</ref> A list of all the mutations in Factor IX is compiled and maintained by EAHAD.<ref name="urlHome: EAHAD Factor 9 Gene Variant Database">{{cite web |url=https://f9-db.eahad.org/ |title=Home: EAHAD Factor 9 Gene Variant Database |access-date=2020-10-23 |archive-date=2020-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028103237/https://f9-db.eahad.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Coagulation factor IX is on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO21st" />
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