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===Tevatron=== Prior to the startup in 2008 of the [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC) near Geneva, Switzerland, the [[Tevatron]] was the most powerful particle accelerator in the world, accelerating protons and antiprotons to energies of 980 [[GeV]], and producing proton-antiproton collisions with energies of up to 1.96 [[TeV]], the first accelerator to reach one "tera-electron-volt" energy.<ref>{{cite arXiv |last1=Shiltsev |first1=Vladimir |title=Achievements and Lessons from Tevatron |year=2012 |class=physics.acc-ph |eprint=1205.0536}}</ref> At {{convert|3.9|mi|km}}, it was the world's fourth-largest particle accelerator in circumference. One of its most important achievements was the 1995 discovery of the [[top quark]], announced by research teams using the Tevatron's [[Collider Detector at Fermilab|CDF]] and [[DΓ experiment|DΓ]] detectors.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bandurin, Dmitry |display-authors=etal |title=Review of physics results from the Tevatron |journal=International Journal of Modern Physics A |year=2015 |volume=30 |issue=6 |doi=10.1142/S0217751X15410018 |arxiv=1409.4861|bibcode=2015IJMPA..3041001B |s2cid=118699490 }}</ref> It was shut down in 2011.
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