Editing Fire engine (section)

=== Aerial apparatus ===
An aerial apparatus is a fire truck mounted with an extendable boom that enables firefighters to reach high locations. They can provide a high vantage point for spraying water and creating ventilation, an access route for firefighters and an escape route for firefighters and people they have rescued. In North America, aerial apparatuses are used for fire suppression, whereas in Europe, they are used more for rescue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-21/issue-6/features/fire-apparatus-united-states-vs-europe.html|title=United States vs. Europe|publisher=Fire Apparatus|date=7 June 2016|access-date=17 July 2019|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717103525/https://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-21/issue-6/features/fire-apparatus-united-states-vs-europe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="fe-2008">{{cite web|url=https://www.fireengineering.com/articles/2008/06/fire-commentary-european-firefighting-operations.html|title=Fire Commentary: European Firefighting Operations|publisher=Fire Engineering|date=12 June 2008|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref>

====Turntable Ladder====
[[File:Iveco Eurocargo - Magirus turntable ladder - front view.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|An [[Iveco]] turntable ladder used by the [[Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations]]]]
A turntable ladder (TL) is an aerial apparatus with a large ladder mounted on a pivot which resembles a [[turntable]], giving it its name. The key functions of a turntable ladder are allowing access or egress of firefighters and fire victims at height, providing a high-level water point for firefighting (elevated master stream), and providing a platform from which tasks such as ventilation or overhaul can be executed.

To increase its length and reach, the ladder is often [[telescoping (mechanics)|telescoping]]. Modern telescopic ladders may be [[hydraulic]] or [[pneumatic]]. These mechanical features allow the use of ladders which are longer, sturdier, and more stable. They may also have pre-attached hoses or other equipment.

The pivot can be mounted at the rear of the chassis or in the middle, just behind the cab. The latter is sometimes called a "mid-ship" arrangement, and it allows a lower travel height for the truck.

While the traditional characteristic of a TL was a lack of water pumping or storage, many modern TLs have a water pumping function built in (and some have their own on-board supply reservoir). Some may have piping along the ladder to supply water to firefighters at the top of the ladder, and some of these may also have a [[fire monitor|monitor]] installed at the top. Other appliances may simply have a track-way to securely hold a manually-run hose reel.

{{Anchor|Quint}}In the United States, turntable ladders with additional functions such as an onboard pump, a water tank, [[fire hose]], aerial ladder and multiple [[ladder|ground ladders]], are known as quad or [[Quint (fire apparatus)|quint]] engines, indicating the number of functions they perform.<ref name=Glossary>{{cite web|title=Glossary|url=http://www.fireserviceinfo.com/glossary.html|publisher=Fire Service Info|access-date=5 January 2014}}</ref>

The highest TL in the world is the [[Magirus]] M68L, with a range of {{convert|68|m|ft|1|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dosięgnąć nieba czyli M68L, najwyższa na świecie drabina hydrauliczna z windą ratowniczą!|trans-title=Reach the Sky or the M68L, the world's tallest hydraulic rescue ladder! "|url=https://remiza.com.pl/dosiegnac-nieba-czyli-m68l-najwyzsza-na-%C2%9Cswiecie-drabina-hydrauliczna-z-winda-ratownicza/|access-date=19 June 2017|publisher=remiza.com|language=pl|archive-date=16 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116131654/https://remiza.com.pl/dosiegnac-nieba-czyli-m68l-najwyzsza-na-%C2%9Cswiecie-drabina-hydrauliczna-z-winda-ratownicza/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Tiller truck====
{{anchor|Hook-and-ladder|tiller ladder|tiller truck}}<!-- When referencing this section from another page, reference the ANCHORS as those will not change -->
[[File:LAFD Truck 3 with tiller.jpg|thumb|An [[American LaFrance]] tiller truck used by the [[Los Angeles Fire Department]]]]
In the United States, a tiller truck, also known as a tractor-drawn aerial (TDA<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-07 |title=100′ Tractor Drawn Aerial - Spartan Emergency Response |url=https://spartaner.com/products/aerials/tractor-drawn-aerial/100-tractor-drawn-aerial/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>), tiller ladder, or [[Pike pole|hook]]-and-ladder truck, is a specialized turntable ladder mounted on a [[semi-trailer truck]]. Unlike a commercial semi, the trailer and tractor are permanently combined and special tools are required to separate them. It has two drivers, with separate [[steering wheel]]s for front and rear wheels.<ref name=recruit-TDAs>{{cite news|last1=Avsec|first1=Robert|title=Pros and cons of tractor-drawn aerials|url=https://www.firerecruit.com/articles/1436548-Pros-and-cons-of-tractor-drawn-aerials|access-date=16 March 2015|agency=Fire Recruit|date=23 April 2013|archive-date=27 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527184437/https://www.firerecruit.com/articles/1436548-Pros-and-cons-of-tractor-drawn-aerials|url-status=dead}}</ref>

One of the main features of the tiller-truck is its enhanced maneuverability.<ref name=SLO-tiller/> The independent steering of the front and back wheels allow the tiller to make much sharper turns, which is particularly helpful on narrow streets and in apartment complexes with maze-like roads.<ref name=recruit-TDAs/> An additional feature of the tiller-truck is that its overall length, over {{convert|50|ft|m}} for most models, allows for additional storage of tools and equipment.<ref name=SLO-tiller>{{cite web|last1=Hines|first1=Charlie|title=Fire Apparatus Utilized on Emergency Responses—Benefits of a Tiller|url=http://www.slocity.org/Home/ShowDocument?id=66|website=City of San Luis Obispo|publisher=Fire Chief|access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> The extreme length gives compartment capacities that range between {{convert|500|and|650|cuft}} in the trailer with an additional {{convert|40|and|60|cuft}} in the cab.<ref name=SLO-tiller/>

Some departments elect to use tiller-[[Quint (fire apparatus)|quint]]s, which are tiller trucks that have the added feature of being fitted with an on-board water tank.<ref name=SLO-tiller/> These are particularly useful for smaller departments that do not have enough personnel to staff both an engine company and a truck company.<ref name=SLO-tiller/>
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====Platform truck====
{{Anchor|Snorkel|platform truck|platform ladder|aerial platform}}<!--[[Snorkel (fire fighting)]] redirects here; various pages reference the other anchors-->
[[File:Roskilde S1.jpg|thumb|An articulating platform truck used by the [[Roskilde]] fire brigade]]
A platform truck carries an [[aerial work platform]], also known as a basket or bucket, on the end of a ladder or boom. These platforms can provide a secure place from which a firefighter can operate. Many platforms also allow for rescues to be performed and are outfitted with tie down clips and [[rappelling]] arms.<ref name="ferrara">{{cite web|title=Platform Features|url=http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Aerials/Platforms.html|website=Ferrara Fire|access-date=17 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315144217/http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Aerials/Platforms.html|archive-date=15 March 2015}}</ref>

Some booms are capable of [[articulated|articulating]], allowing the arm to bend in one or more places. This allows the platform truck to go "up and over" an obstacle, and is an advantage over the traditional platform ladder, which can only extend in a straight line.