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Franeker
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===University of Franeker=== {{Main|University of Franeker}} [[File:Franeker, de academia van Vrieslant.png|left|thumb|The University of Franeker ([[Pieter Feddes van Harlingen]], 1622)]] When the [[Dutch Republic]] revolted against the [[Spanish Empire]], Franeker chose the side of [[William the Silent|William of Orange]] early on. In 1579, Friesland joined the [[Union of Utrecht]] in the joint fight against Spain. In 1580, the [[States of Friesland]] decided that only the [[Reformed Christianity|Reformed doctrine]] was permitted. In order to meet a growing demand for ministers, lawyers, and doctors, the States decided to found a university.<ref name="academie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.academiefraneker.nl/over-ons/geschiedenis-academie/ |title=Geschiedenis van de Academie |trans-title=History of the Academy |website=Academie van Franeker |access-date=12 November 2024 |language=nl}}</ref> As such, a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] university, the [[University of Franeker]], the oldest in the Netherlands after the [[University of Leiden]], was established on 29 July 1585.<ref name="geschiedenis"/> The university was housed in the former monastery building of the [[Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross|Crosiers]]. At this Academy of Friesland, donated by the Frisian [[stadtholder]] [[William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg|William Louis]], one could study theology, law, medicine, classical languages, philosophy, mathematics, and physics.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=De universiteit van Friesland |trans-title=The university of Friesland |last=Maas Geesteranus |first=A.M. |journal=De Tijdspiegel |volume=37 |year=1880 |page=28 |url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_tij008188001_01/_tij008188001_01_0072.php |language=nl}}</ref> Some notable students include [[William IV, Prince of Orange]], [[Peter Stuyvesant]], [[RenΓ© Descartes]], and [[Eise Eisinga]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://historiek.net/stadhouder-willem-iv-oranje-nassau-erfstadhouder/56409/ |title=Stadhouder Willem IV van Oranje-Nassau (1711-1751) |trans-title=Stadtholder William IV of Orange-Nassau (1711β1751) |work=Historiek |last=Visser |first=Lilian |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=12 November 2024 |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://historiek.net/peter-stuyvesant-gouverneur-nieuw-nederland/137214/ |title=Peter Stuyvesant β Gouverneur-generaal van Nieuw-Nederland |trans-title=Peter Stuyvesant β Governor-general of New Netherland |work=Historiek |last=Koops |first=Enne |date=24 September 2024 |access-date=12 November 2024 |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tresoar.nl/vertellen/verhalen/60b4e345182eae1746bb581b |title=Descartes in Friesland |website=[[Tresoar]] |date=31 May 2021 |access-date=12 November 2024 |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://historiek.net/eise-eisinga-bouwer-oudste-planetarium/57907/ |title=Eise Eisinga, bouwer van het oudste planetarium |trans-title=Eise Eisinga, builder of the oldest planetarium |work=Historiek |last=Visser |first=Lilian |date=5 April 2023 |access-date=12 November 2024 |language=nl}}</ref> It was closed shortly after the incorporation of the [[Kingdom of Holland]] into the [[First French Empire|French Empire]], when [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] closed the academy in 1811. A successor institution, the {{lang|nl|Rijksatheneum}}, was founded in 1815, but in 1847 it, too, closed.<ref name="geschiedenis"/>
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