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Freeter
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===Difficulties starting their own household=== Many freeters live for free with their parents as what is described by some media outlets as [[parasite singles]]. Parents in Japan usually do not force their offspring out of the house. Once the parents die, the children will have to pay for their housing themselves. Even if they inherit the house or apartment, they still have to bear the costs of ownership. [[Housing in Japan|Japanese housing]] is compact, and is too small for two families. If freeters want to marry, then they have to find their own housing, usually at their own expense. Women have fewer financial incentives to marry (such as salary increases) than men do, and women are traditionally seen as the caregivers of older family members, which is becoming increasingly difficult due to the growing number of senior citizens.<ref name=":22"/><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kelly|first1=William W.|url=https://www.degruyter.com/cornellup/view/book/9781501731112/10.7591/9781501731112-004.xml|title=3. Students, Slackers, Singles, Seniors, and Strangers: Transforming a Family-Nation|last2=White|first2=Merry I.|date=2019-12-31|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-3111-2|language=en|doi=10.7591/9781501731112-004|s2cid=198879445}}</ref> If women marry, then the burden gets doubled with them having to take care of their parents, spouse's parents, husband, and potential children. These issues, along with wanting to work for money and not marrying may lead to stigmas of being not only parasite singles but also "unfeminine".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tokuhiro|first=Yoko|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203871188|title=Marriage in Contemporary Japan|date=2009-09-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-87118-8|language=en|doi=10.4324/9780203871188}}</ref> Work and marriage are seen as the two main identifiers for adulthood and are the normative ideals of masculinity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Cook|first=E. E.|date=2013-01-01|title=Expectations of Failure: Maturity and Masculinity for Freeters in Contemporary Japan|journal=Social Science Japan Journal|language=en|volume=16|issue=1|pages=29β43|doi=10.1093/ssjj/jys022|issn=1369-1465|doi-access=free|hdl=10.1093/ssjj/jys022|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Men deal with comparisons to the [[salaryman]], also known as a "corporate warrior", the idolized ideal job for men during economic growth from the 1960s associated with Japan's rebuilding of its nation and economy after WWII.<ref name=":05"/> The dominant masculine hegemonic discourse of the 1960s and after of the ideal man being self-sacrificing for work and the bread winner of the family has created a stigma where male freeters are seen less masculine and have a harder time with relationships, marriage, and eventually finding full-time work. Many men have seen their fathers in salaryman positions and do not want to fulfill that role because they want to spend more time with family and focus on hobbies.
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