Editing French language in Canada (section)

===18th century===
With the [[Treaty of Utrecht]] in 1713, the British began their domination of eastern North America, some parts of which had been controlled by the French. The British took mainland [[Nova Scotia]] in 1713. Present-day [[Maine]] fell to the British during [[Father Rale's War]], while present-day [[New Brunswick]] fell after [[Father Le Loutre's War]]. In 1755 the majority of the French-speaking inhabitants of Nova Scotia were deported to the [[Thirteen Colonies]]. After 1758, they were deported to England and France. The [[Treaty of Paris (1763)]] completed the British takeover, removing France from Canadian territory, except for [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] at the entrance of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

The French language was relegated to second rank as far as trade and state communications were concerned. Out of necessity, the educated class learned the English language and became progressively bilingual, but the great majority of the French-speaking inhabitants continued to speak only French, and their population increased. Anglicization of the French population failed, and it became obvious that coexistence was required. In 1774, [[Parliament of Great Britain|Parliament]] passed the [[Quebec Act]], restoring French civil laws and abrogating the [[Test Act]], which had been used to suppress Catholicism.<ref>Atlas Universalis (1996) Tome 4, pp. 838–839</ref>