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Frequentative
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== Hungarian == In [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] it is quite common and everyday to use frequentative. Frequentative verbs are formed with the suffix ''–gat'' (''–get'' after a front vowel; see [[vowel harmony]]). Also there is a so-called Template rule, which forces another vowel in between the base verb and the affix resulting in a word containing at least three syllables. Verbal prefixes (coverbs) do not count as a syllable. Some verbs' frequentative forms have acquired an independent non-frequentative meaning. In these cases the three syllables rule is not applied as the form is not considered a frequentative. These words can be affixed with ''–gat'' again to create a frequentative meaning. In rare cases non-verbs can be affixed by ''–gat'' to give them similar modification in meaning as to verbs. In most cases these non-verbs are obviously related to some actions, like a typical outcome or object. The resulting word basically has the same meaning as if the related verb were affixed with ''–gat''. The change in meaning of a frequentative compared to the base can be different depending on the base: The ''–gat'' affix can modify the occurrences or the intensity or both of an action. Occasionally it produces a specific meaning which is related but distinct from the original form's. Examples: {| class="wikitable" |- ! frequentative || root || translation of root || translation of ''–gat'' form || explanation |- | fizetget || fizet || to pay || paying for a longer period with probably less intensity || the vowel harmony forced -GAT to take form of -get |- | kéreget || kér || to ask || begging for a living || because the resulting word must be at least three syllables long a new vowel is added to the word: kér-e-get |- | kiütöget || (ki)üt || hit (out) || hit out sg. multiple times || the prefixed coverb "ki" (out) doesn't count as a syllable so an extra vowel is added: (ki)üt-ö-get |- | hallgatgat || hallgat || to listen || to listen multiple times but with possibly less intensity || the original verb "hallgat" (to listen) is a syntactically imperfect frequentative form of "hall" (to hear) |- | rángat || ránt || to hitch || to tousle || this one is kind of an exception for the three syllable rule, however "rántogat" (ránt-o-gat) is uncommon but valid, and has a slightly bigger emphasis on the separate nature of each pull rather than a continuous shaking as in "rángat" |- | jajgat || jaj || ouch (a shout) || to shout "jaj" multiple times, probably because of pain || the original word is not a verb, so the three syllable rule is not applied |- | béget || bee || baa ([[onomatopoeia]] for a sheep) || to shout baa multiple times || same as above |- | mosogat || mos || to wash || to do the dishes || the frequentative form (mos-o-gat) has its own non-frequentative meaning |- | mosogatgat || mosogat || to do the dishes || to do the dishes slowly and effortlessly || as the frequentative "mosogat" has a non-frequentative meaning, it can be affixed by -GAT to make it frequentative |- | dolgozgat || dolgozik || to work || to work with less effort and intensity, as in: "Ők fizet'''get'''nek, én dolgoz'''gat'''ok" (They pretend to pay me, I pretend to work.) || the "-ik" at the end of "dolgozik" is an irregular ending which is only effective in [[third person singular]], so -GAT sticks to "dolgoz" which is the root of the word |}
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