Editing Fu Zuoyi (section)

===Defense against the Communists and Japanese===
During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], Fu held numerous commands in North China. As Commander of 7th Army Group he fought in [[Operation Chahar]], the [[Battle of Taiyuan]] and the [[1939–1940 Winter Offensive]], in which he was responsible for winning the [[Battle of Wuyuan]].  Fu ended the war as Commander of the 12th War Area, comprising [[Rehe Province|Rehe]], Chahar, and Suiyuan.

During the [[Chinese Civil War]], Fu's forces (500,000 men) controlled the critically important Suiyuan-Beiping Corridor that separated Manchuria from [[China proper]]. After the Communists captured the Manchurian provinces in late 1948, Communists infiltrated Fu's inner circle and pressured Fu to negotiate a peaceful solution for the inevitable Communist take over.  At the same time, Fu became increasingly disillusioned with Chiang. Fu's personal estrangement from Chiang reaching a climax in October 1948, when Chiang suddenly withdrew from a critical meeting on the defense of territory under Fu's command without giving any immediate explanation. Sometime earlier Chiang's son, [[Chiang Ching-kuo]], had arrested and refused to release his cousin, [[Kung Ling-kan]], as part of a broader effort to punish economic and financial criminals.  Realizing that her nephew could be executed for his crimes, and that Chiang Ching-kuo was highly likely to execute Kong to set an example, [[Soong Mei-ling]] begged her husband [[Chiang Kai-shek]] to fly immediately to Shanghai to rescue Kung. Chiang left in the middle of the most important stage of defensive planning, a great blow to Nationalist morale and left an impression on Fu and many other Nationalist commanders. Fu remarked that this proved Chiang "loved the beauty more than the throne," that is, he had placed the welfare of his family above the welfare of the nation.<ref> Jay Taylor, ''The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-Shek and the Struggle for Modern China'' (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2009): 386-387</ref>

Communist agents active within Fu's inner circle included Fu's own daughter, [[Fu Dongju]], and Fu's most trusted personal secretary, Major General {{ill|Yan Youwen|zh|阎又文}} (閻又文), who was from the same hometown as Fu (Ronghe, in [[Yuncheng]]). Fu Dongju, Yan Youwen, and other agents pressured Fu to surrender and repeatedly passed vital intelligence to the Communists. Fu began secret negotiations with [[Lin Biao]], in which he arranged the surrender of the [[Beiping]] garrison, totaling a quarter of a million men, on January 31, 1949. Yan Youwen acted as Fu's representative during Fu's communication with Lin, but Fu did not know the true allegiance of Yan until after the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]].