Editing Functional group (section)

===Groups containing oxygen===
Compounds that contain C–O bonds each possess differing reactivity based upon the location and [[orbital hybridisation|hybridization]] of the C–O bond, owing to the electron-withdrawing effect of sp-hybridized oxygen (carbonyl groups) and the donating effects of sp<sup>2</sup>-hybridized oxygen (alcohol groups).
{| class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;width:300px"
|-
! [[Chemical class]]
! Group
! Formula
! Structural formula
! Prefix
! Suffix
! Example
|-
| [[Alcohol (chemistry)|Alcohol]]
 || [[Hydroxy]]
| ROH
| [[File:Hydroxy-group-bw.svg|60px|center|Hydroxyl]]
| hydroxy- || '''-ol'''
| [[File:Methanol-2D.svg|90px|methanol]]<br>[[Methanol]]
|-
| [[Ketone]] || [[Ketone]]
| RCOR′
| [[File:Ketone-group-2D-skeletal.svg|Ketone|75px]]
| -oyl-&nbsp;(-COR′)<br>or<br>oxo- (=O) || '''-one'''
| [[File:Butanone-skeletal-structure.svg|75px|Butanone]]<br>[[Butanone]]<br>''(Methyl ethyl ketone)''
|-
| [[Aldehyde]] || [[Aldehyde]]
| RCHO
| [[File:Skeletal formula of an aldehyde group.svg|75px|Aldehyde]]
| formyl- (-COH)<br>or<br>oxo- (=O)|| '''-al'''
| [[File:Acetaldehyde-skeletal.svg|75px|acetaldehyde]]<br>[[Acetaldehyde]]<br>''(Ethanal)''
|-
| [[Acyl halide]] || Haloformyl
| RCOX
| [[File:Acyl-halide-skeletal2D.svg|75px|Acyl halide]]
| carbonofluoridoyl-<br>carbonochloridoyl-<br>carbonobromidoyl-<br>carbonoiodidoyl- || -oyl '''fluoride'''<br> -oyl '''chloride'''<br> -oyl '''bromide'''<br> -oyl '''iodide'''
| [[File:Acetyl-chloride.svg|75px|Acetyl chloride]]<br>[[Acetyl chloride]]<br>''(Ethanoyl chloride)''
|-
|[[Carbonate ester|Carbonate]]
| [[Carbonate ester]]
| ROCOOR′
| [[File:Carbonate-group-skeletal.svg|75px|Carbonate]]
| (alkoxycarbonyl)oxy-
| alkyl '''carbonate'''
| [[File:Triphosgen Strukturformel.svg|90px|triphosgene]]<br>[[Triphosgene]]<br>''(bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate)''
|-
| [[Carboxylic acid|Carboxylate]]
| [[Carboxylate]] || RCOO<sup>−</sup>
| [[File:Carboxylate-resonance-hybrid.svg|60px|center|Carboxylate]]<br>[[File:Carboxylate-canonical-forms.svg|119x119px|Carboxylate]]

| carboxylato- || -oate
| [[File:Sodium-acetate-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Sodium acetate]]<br>[[Sodium acetate]]<br>''(Sodium ethanoate)''
|-
| [[Carboxylic acid]]
| [[Carboxyl]] || RCOOH
| [[File:Carboxylic-acid-skeletal.svg|75px|Carboxylic acid]]
| carboxy- || -oic '''acid'''
| [[File:Acetic-acid-2D-skeletal.svg|75px|Acetic acid]]<br>[[Acetic acid]]<br>''(Ethanoic acid)''
|-
| [[Ester]] || [[Ester|Carboalkoxy]]
| RCOOR′
| [[File:Ester-skeletal.svg|Ester|75px]]
| alkanoyloxy-<br>or<br>alkoxycarbonyl
| alkyl alkan'''oate'''
| [[File:Ethyl butyrate.png|75px|Ethyl butyrate]]<br>[[Ethyl butyrate]]<br>''(Ethyl butanoate)''
|-
| [[Organic peroxide|Hydroperoxide]]
| [[Organic peroxide|Hydroperoxy]]
| ROOH
| [[File:Hydroperoxide-group-2D.svg|75px|Hydroperoxy]]
| hydroperoxy-
| alkyl '''hydroperoxide'''
| [[File:TBHP.png|75px|''tert''-Butyl hydroperoxide]]<br>[[tert-Butyl hydroperoxide|''tert''-Butyl hydroperoxide]]
|-
| [[Organic peroxide|Peroxide]]
| [[Organic peroxide|Peroxy]]
| ROOR′
| [[File:Peroxy-group.svg|75px|Peroxy]]
| peroxy-
| alkyl '''peroxide'''
| [[File:Di-tert-butyl peroxide.svg|75px|Di-tert-butyl peroxide]]<br>[[Di-tert-butyl peroxide]]
|-
| [[Ether]] || [[Ether]]
| ROR′
| [[File:Ether-(general).svg|60px|center|Ether]]
| alkoxy-
| alkyl '''ether'''
| [[File:Diethyl ether chemical structure.svg|75px|Diethyl ether]]<br>[[Diethyl ether]]<br>''(Ethoxyethane)''
|-
| [[Hemiacetal]] || [[Hemiacetal]]
| R<sub>2</sub>CH(OR<sub>1</sub>)(OH)
| [[File:Hemiacetal general.svg|75px|Hemiacetal]]
| alkoxy -ol
| -al alkyl '''hemiacetal'''
|
|-
| [[Hemiketal]] || [[Hemiketal]]
| RC(ORʺ)(OH)R′
| [[File:Hemiketal-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Hemiketal]]
| alkoxy -ol
| -one alkyl '''hemiketal'''
|
|-
| [[Acetal]] || [[Acetal]]
| RCH(OR′)(OR″)
| [[File:Acetal-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Acetal]]
| dialkoxy-
| -al dialkyl '''acetal'''
|
|-
| [[Ketal]] (or [[Acetal]]) || [[Ketal]] (or [[Acetal]])
| {{nowrap|RC(OR″)(OR‴)R′}}
| [[File:Ketal-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Ketal]]
| dialkoxy-
| -one dialkyl '''ketal'''
|
|-
| [[Orthoester]] || [[Orthoester]]
| {{nowrap|RC(OR′)(OR″)(OR‴)}}
| [[File:Orthoester general structure.svg|75px|Orthoester]]
| trialkoxy-
|
|
|-
| [[Heterocycle]]<br> (if cyclic) || [[Methylenedioxy]]
| {{nowrap|(–OCH<sub>2</sub>O–)}}
|
[[File:Methylenedioxy graphic (ChemDraw).png|50px|frameless]]
| methylenedioxy-
| -dioxole
| [[File:Benzo(d)(1,3)dioxole 200.svg|75px]]<br>[[1,3-Benzodioxole|1,2-Methylenedioxybenzene]]<br>''(1,3-Benzodioxole)''
|-
| [[Orthocarbonate ester]] || [[Orthocarbonate ester]]
| {{nowrap|C(OR)(OR′)(OR″)(OR‴)}}
| [[File:Orthocarbonate-ester.svg|75px|Orthocarbonate ester]]
| tetralkoxy-
| ''tetraalkyl'' '''orthocarbonate'''
| [[File:Tetramethylorthocarbonat.svg]]<br>[[Tetramethoxymethane]]
|-
| [[Organic acid anhydride]] || [[Carboxylic anhydride]]
| {{nowrap|R<sub>1</sub>(CO)O(CO)R<sub>2</sub>}}
| [[File:FunktionelleGruppen Carbonsäureanhydrid.svg|75px|Carboxylic anhydride]]
|
| anhydride
| [[File:Butyric anhydride.svg|75px|Butyric anhydride]]<br>[[Butyric anhydride]]
|}