Editing General Motors (section)

=== Periods of innovation ===
[[Alfred P. Sloan]] retired as chairman and was succeeded by Albert Bradley in April 1956.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1956/04/03/archives/sloan-80-retires-as-gm-chairman-principals-in-general-motors-shift.html |title=Sloan, 80, Retires as G.M. Chairman; Principals in General Motors Shift |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 3, 1956 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 1962, GM introduced the first ever [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] production car in the world in the [[Oldsmobile Cutlass]] Turbo-Jetfire.<ref name=story/><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/26/business/turbocharged-cars-jetfire-corvair.html |title=How G.M.'s First Turbo Engines Crashed and Burned |first=Roy |last=Furchgott |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 26, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Two years later, the company introduced its "[[Mark of Excellence]]" logo and trademark at the [[1964 New York World's Fair]]. The company used the mark as their main corporate identifier until 2021.<ref name="Motor Trend">{{cite web |last=Fink |first=Greg |date=January 8, 2021 |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/gm-logo-redesign/ |title=General Motors Redesigns Its Iconic "GM" Logo for the EV Era |work=Motor Trend}}</ref>

GM released the Electrovan in 1966, the first hydrogen [[fuel cell]] car ever produced.<ref>{{cite book | last=Léon | first=Aline | date=2008 | title=Hydrogen Technology: Mobile and Portable Applications | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JuGJHXj_jcwC&pg=PA287 |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |page=287 |isbn=9783540699255 |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160101014836/https://books.google.com/books?id=JuGJHXj_jcwC&pg=PA287 | url-status=live}}</ref> Though fuel cells have existed since the early 1800s, General Motors was the first to use a fuel cell, supplied by [[Union Carbide]], to power the wheels of a vehicle with a budget of "millions of dollars".<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.hydrogencarsnow.com/gm-electrovan.htm | title=1966 GM Electrovan – First Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle | website=Hydrogencarsnow.com | archive-date=December 3, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131203053316/http://www.hydrogencarsnow.com/gm-electrovan.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Truett |first=Richard |title=Fuel cell expert takes the long view | url=https://www.autonews.com/article/20020916/SUB/209160740/fuel-cell-expert-takes-the-long-view |work=Automotive News |date=September 16, 2002 |archive-date=December 14, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181214121331/https://www.autonews.com/article/20020916/SUB/209160740/fuel-cell-expert-takes-the-long-view|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.mercurynews.com/2007/06/15/gm-executive-says-hydrogen-powered-cars-could-be-on-road-in-several-test-markets-in-6-years/ | title=GM executive says hydrogen-powered cars could be on road in several test markets in 6 years |work=Mercury News |agency=Associated Press |date=June 15, 2007 | archive-date=March 8, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308151320/http://www.mercurynews.com/2007/06/15/gm-executive-says-hydrogen-powered-cars-could-be-on-road-in-several-test-markets-in-6-years/ | url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Chevrolet nova 1969 ad.jpg|thumb|left|200px|An advertisement for the 1969 [[Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova|Chevrolet Nova]] using the advertising slogan ''"Putting you first, keeps us first"'']]
In the 1960s, GM was an early proponent of [[V6 engine]]s, but quickly lost interest as the popularity of [[muscle car]]s increased. GM demonstrated [[gas turbine]] vehicles powered by [[kerosene]], an area of interest throughout the industry, but abandoned the alternative engine configuration due to the [[1973 oil crisis]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.conklinsystems.com/firebird/mlife.php | title=America's First Turbine Car | publisher=Conklin Systems | date=November 21, 1952 | archive-date=September 27, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927183610/http://www.conklinsystems.com/firebird/mlife.php | url-status=live}}</ref>

In partnership with [[Boeing]], GM's Delco Defense Electronics Division designed the [[Lunar Roving Vehicle]], which traversed the surface of the Moon, in 1971.<ref>{{cite news | last=Rechtin | first=Mark | title=GM's most widely traveled 1971 model was built for the moon | url= http://www.autonews.com/article/20080914/OEM06/309149969/gms-most-widely-traveled-1971-model-was-built-for-the-moon | date=September 14, 2008 |work=Automotive News | archive-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201009220736/https://www.autonews.com/article/20080914/OEM06/309149969/gm-s-most-widely-traveled-1971-model-was-built-for-the-moon | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/16/business/gm-lockheed-martin-lunar-rover/index.html | title=The 1970s moon buggies are still up there. GM and Lockheed Martin want to make new ones | first=Peter | last=Valdes-Dapena |work=CNN |date=June 17, 2021}}</ref> The following year, GM produced the first rear wheel [[anti-lock braking system]] for two models: the Toronado and Eldorado.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/car-accessories/a22811340/anti-lock-brakes-the-first-technology-to-help-you-avoid-a-crash-turn-40/ | title=Anti-Lock Brakes, The First Technology to Help You Avoid a Crash, Turn 40 |first=Mate |last=Petrany |work=Road & Track |date=August 24, 2018}}</ref>

In 1973, the Oldsmobile Toronado was the first retail car sold with a passenger [[airbag]].<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-airbags-1991232 |title=Automotive Airbag History and Invention | first=Mary | last=Bellis |work=Dotdash |date=August 9, 2019 |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714234135/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-airbags-1991232 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/02/archives/gm-to-offer-airbags-as-option-on-some-74-cars.html |title=G.M. to Offer Air Bags as Option on Some '74 Cars |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 2, 1973 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

[[Thomas Murphy (chairman)|Thomas Murphy]] became CEO of the company, succeeding Richard C. Gerstenberg in November 1974.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/19/business/thomas-murphy-90-leader-of-gm-in-1970s-prosperity-dies.html |title=Thomas Murphy, 90, Leader of G.M. in 1970's Prosperity, Dies | first=Jeremy W. |last=Peters |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 19, 2006 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/26/business/richard-c-gerstenberg-92-gm-official.html | title=Richard C. Gerstenberg, 92, G.M. Official |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 26, 2002 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

GM installed its first [[catalytic converter]]s in its 1975 models.<ref>{{Cite news | url= https://www.autonews.com/article/20080914/OEM/309149832/gm-fought-safety-emissions-rules-but-then-invented-ways-to-comply | title=GM fought safety, emissions rules, but then invented ways to comply |work=Automotive News |date=September 14, 2008 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>

From 1978 to 1985, GM pushed the benefits of [[diesel engine]]s and [[cylinder deactivation]] technologies. However, it had disastrous results due to poor durability in the [[Oldsmobile]] diesels and drivability issues in the [[Cadillac]] V8-6-4 variable-cylinder engines.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/automobiles/collectibles/18RUST.html | title=G.M.'s Dreadful Engines Gave Diesels a Bad Name |first=Rob |last=Sass |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 18, 2008 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

GM sold Frigidaire in 1979. Although Frigidaire had between $450 million and $500 million in annual revenues, it was losing money.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1979/02/01/archives/gm-to-sell-frigidaire-to-white-consolidated.html | title=G.M. to Sell Frigidaire To White Consolidated |first=Reginald |last=Stuart |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 1, 1979 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

[[File:General Motors building 089833pv.jpg|thumb|General Motors headquarters building, 1981]]
Robert Lee of GM invented the [[neodymium magnet]], which was fabricated by rapid solidification, in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Robert |title=Iron-Rare Earth-Boron Permanent US Patent # 4,792,367 | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4792367 |date=December 20, 1988 | archive-date=March 8, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308141154/https://www.google.com/patents/US4792367 | url-status=live}}</ref> This magnet is commonly used in products like a computer hard disk. The same year, GM acquired [[Electronic Data Systems]] for $2.5 billion from [[Ross Perot]] as part of a strategy by CEO [[Roger Smith (executive)|Roger Smith]] to derive at least 10% of its annual worldwide revenue from non-automotive sources.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/06/29/gm-perot-computer-firm-agree-on-25-billion-merger/88790acf-6b14-4504-af8f-6c874ed27e97/ | title=GM, Perot Computer Firm Agree on $2.5 Billion Merger | first1=Warren | last1=Brown | first2=Michael | last2=Schrage |newspaper=The Washington Post | date=June 29, 1984 | url-access=limited}}</ref> GM also intended to have EDS handle its bookkeeping, help computerize factories, and integrate GM's computer systems. The transaction made Ross Perot the largest shareholder of GM; however, disagreements with Roger Smith led the company to buy all shares held by Ross Perot for $750 million in 1986.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.freep.com/story/money/cars/general-motors/2019/07/09/ross-perot-gm-roger-smith/1682342001/ | title=How Ross Perot became GM's biggest shareholder – and a bitter battle took off |first=Jamie L. |last=LaReau |newspaper=Detroit Free Press |date=July 9, 2019}}</ref>

In a continuation of its diversification plans, GMAC formed GMAC Mortgage and acquired Colonial Mortgage as well as the servicing arm of Norwest Mortgage in 1985. This acquisition included an $11 billion mortgage portfolio.<ref>{{cite news| title=GMAC Buying Mortgage Portfolio| url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-03-14-8501150290-story.html | first=William | last=Gruber |newspaper=Chicago Tribune | date=March 14, 1985}}</ref> The same year, GM acquired the [[Hughes Aircraft Company]] for $5 billion in cash and stock and merged it into [[Delco Electronics]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/06/us/gm-to-acquire-hughes-aircraft-in-5-billion-bid.html |title=G.M. to Acquire Hughes Aircraft in $5 Billion Bid |first=Robert J. |last=Cole |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 6, 1985 |url-access=limited}}</ref> The following year, GM acquired 59.7% of [[Lotus Cars]], a British producer of high-performance [[sports car]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/23/business/gm-acquires-59.7-of-lotus.html | title=G.M. Acquires 59.7% of Lotus |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 23, 1986 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 1987, in conjunction with [[AeroVironment]], GM built the [[Sunraycer]], which won the inaugural [[World Solar Challenge]] and was a showcase of advanced technology. Much of the technology from Sunraycer found its way into the Impact prototype electric vehicle (also built by Aerovironment) and was the predecessor to the [[General Motors EV1]].<ref>{{cite web|title=General Motors 'SunRaycer' |url= https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1299505 | publisher=Smithsonian Institution |archive-date=March 12, 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170312034108/http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1299505 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1988, GM acquired a 15% stake in AeroVironment.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/15/business/gm-acquires-15-stake.html |title=G.M. Acquires 15% Stake |newspaper=The New York Times | date=August 15, 1988 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 1989, GM acquired half of [[Saab Automobile]]'s car operations for $600 million.<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1989/12/16/gm-agrees-to-buy-half-of-saabs-car-operations/a400db95-6130-4613-baba-50592453eb7f/ |title=GM Agrees to Buy Half of Saab's Car Operations |first=Warren |last=Brown |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 16, 1989}}</ref>