Editing Generative art (section)

===Visual art===
The artist [[Ellsworth Kelly]] created paintings by using chance operations to assign colors in a grid. He also created works on paper that he then cut into strips or squares and reassembled using chance operations to determine placement.<ref>Yve-Alain Bois, Jack Cowart, Alfred Pacquement ''Ellsworth Kelly: The Years in France, 1948-1954'', Washington DC, National Gallery of Art, Prestel, p. 23-26</ref>

[[File:Album de 10 sérigraphies sur 10 ans 09.jpg|thumb| Album de 10 sérigraphies sur 10 ans, by [[François Morellet]], 2009]]
Artists such as [[Hans Haacke]] have explored processes of physical and social systems in artistic context.
[[François Morellet]] has used both highly ordered and highly disordered systems in his artwork.  Some of his paintings feature regular systems of radial or parallel lines to create [[Moiré Patterns]]. In other works he has used chance operations to determine the coloration of grids.<ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/tateetc/issue16/colourchart3.htm Tate Online Article] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325054818/http://www.tate.org.uk/tateetc/issue16/colourchart3.htm |date=2012-03-25 }} about [[François Morellet]]</ref><ref>Grace Glueck "Francois Morellet, Austere Abtractionism", New York Times, Feb. 22, 1985</ref> [[Sol LeWitt]] created generative art in the form of systems expressed in [[natural language]] and systems of geometric [[permutation]]. [[Harold Cohen (artist)|Harold Cohen]]'s [[AARON]] system is a longstanding project combining software artificial intelligence with robotic painting devices to create physical artifacts.<ref>[http://www.kurzweilcyberart.com/aaron/hi_cohenbio.html Biography of Harold Cohen] [[Harold Cohen (artist)|Harold Cohen]]</ref> 
[[Steina and Woody Vasulka]] are video art pioneers who used analog video feedback to create generative art. Video feedback is now cited as an example of deterministic chaos, and the early explorations by the Vasulkas anticipated contemporary science by many years.
Software systems exploiting [[evolutionary computing]] to create visual form include those created by [[Scott Draves]] and [[Karl Sims]].
The digital artist [[Joseph Nechvatal]] has exploited models of viral contagion.<ref>Bruce Wands ''Art of the Digital Age'', London: Thames & Hudson, p. 65</ref> 
''[[Autopoiesis]]'' by [[Ken Rinaldo]] includes fifteen musical and [[robotic]] sculptures that interact with the public and modify their behaviors based on both the presence of the participants and each other.<ref name="Paul"/>{{rp|144–145}}
[[Jean-Pierre Hebert]] and [[Roman Verostko]] are founding members of the [[Algorists]], a group of artists who create their own algorithms to create art.
[[Michael Noll|A. Michael Noll]], of Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, programmed computer art using mathematical equations and programmed randomness, starting in 1962.<ref>A. Michael Noll, "The Digital Computer as a Creative Medium," IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 4, No. 10, (October 1967), pp. 89-95; and "Computers and the Visual Arts," Design and Planning 2: Computers in Design and Communication (Edited by Martin Krampen and Peter Seitz), Hastings House, Publishers, Inc.: New York (1967), pp. 65-79.</ref>

[[File:Iapetus 1985.jpg|thumb|''Iapetus'', by [[Jean-Max Albert]], 1985]]
[[File:Calmoduline Monument.jpg|thumb|upright|''Calmoduline Monument'', by [[Jean-Max Albert]], 1991]]
The French artist [[Jean-Max Albert]], beside environmental sculptures like ''Iapetus'',<ref>Michel Ragon, Jean-Max Albert «Iapetus», L’art abstrait vol.5, Éditions Maeght, Paris, 1989</ref> and ''O=C=O'',<ref>Jean-Max Albert O=C=O, Franco Torriani, Dalla Land arte alla bioarte, Hopefulmonster editore Torino, 2007, p. 64-70</ref> developed a project dedicated to the vegetation itself, in terms of biological activity. The ''Calmoduline Monument'' project is based on the property of a protein, [[calmodulin]], to bond selectively to calcium. Exterior physical constraints (wind, rain, etc.) modify the electric potential of the cellular membranes of a plant and consequently the flux of calcium. However, the calcium controls the expression of the calmoduline gene.<ref>Intra-and Intercellular Communications in Plants, Millet & Greppin Editors, INRA, Paris, 1980, p.117.</ref> The plant can thus, when there is a stimulus, modify its "typical" growth pattern. So the basic principle of this monumental sculpture is that to the extent that they could be picked up and transported, these signals could be enlarged, translated into colors and shapes, and show the plant's "decisions" suggesting a level of fundamental biological activity.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PAlPAAAAYAAJ ''Space in profile/ L'espace de profil,'']</ref>

[[Maurizio Bolognini]] works with generative machines to address conceptual and social concerns.<ref>Maurizio Bolognini, ''De l'interaction à la démocratie. Vers un art génératif post-digital''  ([http://www.bolognini.org/lectures/amx.htm From interactivity to democracy. Towards a post-digital generative art]), in {{citation|title= Ethique, esthétique, communication technologique dans l'art contemporain|year=2011|author=Actes du Colloque international Artmedia X|language=fr|publisher=L’Harmattan|location=Paris|isbn=9782296132306}}</ref>
[[Mark Napier (artist)|Mark Napier]] is a pioneer in data mapping, creating works based on the streams of zeros and ones in Ethernet traffic, as part of the "Carnivore" project. [[Martin M. Wattenberg|Martin Wattenberg]] pushed this theme further, transforming "data sets" as diverse as musical scores (in "Shape of Song", 2001) and Wikipedia edits ([[History Flow]], 2003, with [[Fernanda Viegas]]) into dramatic visual compositions.
The Canadian artist [[San Base]] developed a "Dynamic Painting" algorithm in 2002. Using computer algorithms as "brush strokes", Base creates sophisticated imagery that evolves over time to produce a fluid, never-repeating artwork.<ref>[http://www.sanbasestudio.com/about.htm San Base: About]</ref>

Since 1996 there have been [[ambigram#Ambigram generators|ambigram generators]] that auto generate [[ambigram]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jeux-et-mathematiques.davalan.org/liens/liens_ambi.html|title=Davalan Ambigram Generator|website=Davalan.org|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://makeambigrams.com/ambigram-generator/|title=The Make Ambigrams Ambigram Generator|website=MakeAmbigrams.com|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trulyscience.com/ambigram-generator/|title=Truly Science Free Ambigram Generator|website=trulyscience|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930030928/https://trulyscience.com/ambigram-generator/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Italian composer [[Pietro Grossi]], pioneer of [[computer music]] since 1986, he extended his experiments to images, (same procedure used in his musical work)  precisely to computer graphics, writing programs with specific auto-decisions, and developing the concept of ''HomeArt'', presented for the first time in the exhibition ''New Atlantis: the continent of electronic music'' organized by the [[Venice Biennale]] in 1986.

Some contemporary artists who create generative visual artworks are [[John Maeda]], [[Daniel Shiffman]], [[Zachary Lieberman]], [[Golan Levin]], [[Casey Reas]], [[Ben Fry]], and [[Giles Whitaker (artist)]].