Editing Geoduck (section)

===Environmental impact===
Geoduck farming grow-out and harvest practices are controversial,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ProtectOurShoreline.org/slideshow/POS_ShellfishAquacultureConcerns.pdf |title=Geoduck aquaculture in South Puget Sound|website=Protectourshoreline.org|access-date=2017-05-23}}</ref> and have created conflicts with shoreline property owners,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ProtectOurShoreline.org |title=Protect Our Shoreline |publisher=Protect Our Shoreline |date=12 July 2000 |access-date=5 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.APHETI.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929202803/http://www.apheti.com/ |archive-date=29 September 2007 |title=APHETI-Association to Protect Hammersley, Eld and Totten Inlets |publisher=Apheti.com |access-date=5 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.responsibleshellfishfarming.ca/ |title=Responsible Shellfish Farming BC |publisher=Responsibleshellfishfarming.ca |access-date=5 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218145119/http://www.responsibleshellfishfarming.ca/ |archive-date=18 February 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hendersonbayshorelineassociation.com|title=Henderson Bay Shoreline Association|access-date=20 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928092333/http://www.hendersonbayshorelineassociation.com/|archive-date=28 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and concerns from nongovernmental organizations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psp.wa.gov/aboutthepartnership.php |title=About the Partnership |publisher=Puget Sound Partnership |access-date=8 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507010124/http://www.psp.wa.gov/aboutthepartnership.php |archive-date=7 May 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> However, the [[Environmental Defense Fund]] has found that bivalves (oysters, mussels, and clams) are beneficial to the marine environment.<ref name="XXX">{{cite journal | journal=Environmental Defense for Pew Oceans Commission | year=2001 | title=Marine Aquaculture in the United States | last=Goldburg| first=Rebecca|display-authors=etal }}</ref> The water must be certifiably clean to plant geoducks commercially.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/sf/commercial.htm |title=Commercial Shellfish Licensing & Certification Program |publisher=Washington State Department of Health Office of Shellfish and Water Protection |access-date=8 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506230813/http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/sf/commercial.htm |archive-date=6 May 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref> Regulation was mandated in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/shellfishcommittee/index.html |title=Shellfish Aquaculture Regulatory Committee |publisher=Washington State Department of Ecology |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821124924/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/shellfishcommittee/index.html |archive-date=21 August 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Interim Progress Report: House Bill 2220 Shellfish Aquaculture Regulatory Committee|url=https://apps.ecology.wa.gov/publications/documents/0706027.pdf|publisher=House Committee on Ecology and Parks House Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources Senate Committee on Natural Resources, Ocean & Recreation|date=December 2007|access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref> Studies have been funded to determine short- and long-term environmental and genetic impacts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wsg.washington.edu/research/geoduck/current_research.html |title=Current Geoduck Research |publisher=Washington Sea Grant |access-date=5 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619202845/http://www.wsg.washington.edu/research/geoduck/current_research.html |archive-date=19 June 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> In southern Puget Sound, the effect of geoduck farming on large mobile animals is ambiguous.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Brown | first1 = R. A. | last2 = Thuesen | first2 = E. V. | year = 2011 | title = Biodiversity of mobile benthic fauna in geoduck (''Panopea generosa'') aquaculture beds in southern Puget Sound, Washington | journal = Journal of Shellfish Research | volume = 30 | issue = 3| pages = 771–776 | doi = 10.2983/035.030.0317 | s2cid = 2075387 }}</ref> A 2004 draft biological assessment, commissioned by three of the largest commercial shellfish companies in the Puget Sound region, identified no long-term effects of geoduck farming on threatened or endangered species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.protectourshoreline.org/taylor/7BiologicalEvaluation.pdf |title=Programmatic Biological Evaluation |website=Protectourshoreline.org |access-date=2017-05-23}}</ref>