Editing Geographic profiling (section)

==Tools==
Geographic profiling is an investigative tool that can be seen as a strategic information management system to assist police with the large volume of information throughout an investigation. It concentrates its focus on the geographic aspects of the crime and was developed in response to the demands of solving [[serial crime]]s.<ref>Wortley and Mazerolle 2008, p. 136.</ref> In response, Rossmo developed a computerized geographic profiling algorithm called [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:bOu1XDo6-JUJ:www.popcenter.org/library/crimeprevention/volume_04/10-Rossmo.pdf+criminal+geographic+targeting&hl=en&gl=ca&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiZoaw4wzfILEGyj3Ziia0P_jI352j1aQU9EkzQK4eZDQKIHWcu6H22juzSQ361hdOxbkLHiGRn3xJPxj93f9LwHV1_fDEm0Qbsufjw2lOwVMePT8H3eVioS2PpL853-7NWCj8s&sig=AHIEtbQknzk1WLbmcg4gZ8EDv6sVxSVTIQ/ criminal geographic targeting (CGT)]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:bOu1XDo6-JUJ:www.popcenter.org/library/crimeprevention/volume_04/10-Rossmo.pdf+criminal+geographic+targeting&hl=en&gl=ca&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiZoaw4wzfILEGyj3Ziia0P_jI352j1aQU9EkzQK4eZDQKIHWcu6H22juzSQ361hdOxbkLHiGRn3xJPxj93f9LwHV1_fDEm0Qbsufjw2lOwVMePT8H3eVioS2PpL853-7NWCj8s&sig=AHIEtbQknzk1WLbmcg4gZ8EDv6sVxSVTIQ |title=Place, Space, and Police Investigations: Hunting Serial Violent Criminals |publisher=Simon Fraser University |last=Rossmo |first=D. Kim |accessdate=2011-10-28}}</ref> which assess the spatial characteristics of crimes. It analyzes the geographic coordinates of the offender's crimes and produces a color map which assigns probabilities to different points for the most likely area of the offender's home base.  CGT has been patented<ref>Rossmo, D. K. (1996). U.S. Patent No. 5,781,704. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.</ref> and integrated into a specialized crime analysis software product called [http://www.ecricanada.com/rigel/ Rigel].  The Rigel product is developed by the software company [[Environmental Criminology Research Inc.]] (ECRI), which Rossmo co-founded.<ref>Rich, T. and Shively, M (2004, December). P. 14. A Methodology for Evaluating Geographic Profiling Software. U.S. Department of Justice, Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208993.pdf</ref>

Geographic Profilers often employ tools such as [http://www.ecricanada.com/rigel/ Rigel], [https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/CrimeStat/ CrimeStat] or [http://www.ecricanada.com/products/gemini/ Gemini] to perform geographic analysis. System inputs are crime location addresses or coordinates, often entered through a [[geographic information system]] (GIS).  Output is a jeopardy surface (three-dimensional probability surface) or color geoprofile, which depicts the most likely areas of offender residence or search base. These programs assist crime analysts and investigators to focus their resources more effectively by highlighting the crucial geographic areas.