Editing Germicidal lamp (section)

== Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) ==
[[File:UV-C LED lamp.jpg|thumb|[[Ultraviolet C|UVC]] [[LED]] lamp with [[heatsink]] and power cable]]
Recent developments in [[light-emitting diode]] (LED) technology have led to the commercial availability of UVC LED sources.

UVC LEDs use semiconductor materials to produce light in a solid-state device. The wavelength of emission is tuneable by adjusting the chemistry of the semiconductor material, giving a selectivity to the emission profile of the LED across, and beyond, the germicidal wavelength band. Advances in understanding and synthesis of the [[AlGaN]] materials system led to significant increases in the output power, device lifetime, and efficiency of UVC LEDs in the early 2010s.

The reduced size of LEDs opens up options for small reactor systems allowing point-of-use applications and integration into medical devices.<ref name="Hessling et al 2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Hessling |first1=Martin |last2=Gross |first2=Andrej |last3=Hoenes |first3=Katharina |last4=Rath |first4=Monika |last5=Stangl |first5=Felix |last6=Tritschler |first6=Hanna |last7=Sift |first7=Michael |date=2016-01-27 |title=Efficient Disinfection of Tap and Surface Water with Single High Power 285&nbsp;nm LED and Square Quartz Tube |journal=Photonics |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=7 |doi=10.3390/photonics3010007 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2016Photo...3....7H }}</ref> Low power consumption of semiconductors introduce UV disinfection systems that utilized small solar cells in remote or Third World applications.<ref name="Hessling et al 2016" />

By 2019, LEDs made up 41.4% of UV light sales, up from 19.2% in 2014<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.seoulviosys.com/en/technology/uvled/ |title=Technology – UV LED |website=Seoul Viosys |access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> The UV-C LED global market is expected to rise from $223m in 2017 to US$991m in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.semiconductor-today.com/news_items/2019/apr/led-inside-290419.shtml |title=Anti-bacterial UV-C LED applications driving stable growth in UV-LED market |website=Semiconductor Today |access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref>