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Glass cliff
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== Glass cliff for racial and ethnic minority leaders == The glass cliff concept has also been used to describe [[employment discrimination]] experienced by leaders who are members of minorities or disabled.<ref name="Cook Glass 2015" /> Research analyzing the head coaches of [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] sports teams found that men of racial and ethnic minority groups were promoted to higher leadership positions in times of crisis. Within [[historically Black colleges and universities]], minority leaders were more often appointed than white leaders under all circumstances, but in other universities, minority leaders were appointed to leadership positions primarily in times of crisis. These leaders are also likely to suffer from high visibility, scrutiny and performance pressures that their white counterparts do not receive. The study also found evidence for the savior effect, the idea that organizations will look for "saviors", usually white, when minority leaders are unable to deliver high-quality performance results in times of crisis.<ref name="Cook Glass 2015" /> [[File:US President Barack Obama taking his Oath of Office - 2009Jan20.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama taking the oath of office in January 2009]] Outside of the NCAA, this has occurred in the political sphere. Often times, the 2008 election of [[Barack Obama]], the first Black president of the [[United States|United States of America]], during the [[2008 financial crisis]] is viewed as evidence of the glass cliff phenomenon for racial and ethnic minority groups.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadler |first=Joel T. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1026609320 |title=War on Women in the United States : Beliefs, Tactics, and the Best Defenses. |date=2018 |publisher=ABC-CLIO, LLC |isbn=978-1-4408-4210-8 |oclc=1026609320}}</ref> In British politics, research has indicated that the Conservative Party sent Black and minority ethnic candidates to contest parliamentary seats that are harder to win than other candidates, indicating similar findings other research on the political glass cliff for women candidates. This phenomenon is specific, however, to the Conservative Party, which has traditionally promoted anti-immigration sentiments that may contribute to this.<ref name="Kulich-2014" /> The rise of [[Rishi Sunak]] as the United Kingdom's first prime minister of South Asian heritage, following scandals that brought down two prime ministers within a year, was described as an example of the glass cliff effect.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-17 |title=Rishi Sunak From Glass Ceiling to Glass Cliff |url=https://www.dailynews.lk/2024/01/18/featured/352254/rishi-sunak-from-glass-ceiling-to-glass-cliff/ |first=Kirushanthy |last=Kousthupamany |first2=Nagedrakumar |last2=Nagalingam |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|DailyNews]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Minority women face a duplicated glass cliff, being affected by both their gender and race.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellis |first=Nicquel Terry |date=2022-12-17 |title='Very rarely is it as good as it seems': Black women in leadership are finding themselves on the 'glass cliff' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/17/us/black-women-glass-cliff-reaj/index.html |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326191032/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/17/us/black-women-glass-cliff-reaj/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Black women are often given unsustainable amounts of work in higher positions, creating barriers in their careers. It has additionally been argued Black women may be promoted to leadership positions due to outdated stereotypes related to masculine traits Black women are perceived to have.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Farmer |first=Jennifer R. |title=First & only : a black woman's guide to thriving at work and in life |date=9 February 2021 |publisher=Broadleaf Books |isbn=978-1-5064-6685-9 |oclc=1317281185}}</ref> In addition to struggles related to leadership, Black women are also likely to face an added weight of [[microaggression]]s and increased questioning of qualifications.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The State of Black Women in Corporate America |website=Lean In |language=en |url=https://leanin.org/research/state-of-black-women-in-corporate-america |access-date=2023-03-26 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326191033/https://leanin.org/research/state-of-black-women-in-corporate-america |url-status=live }}</ref>
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