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Glassblowing
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====Mold-blowing==== [[File:Bamboo Framing.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Glassblower [[Jean-Pierre Canlis]] sculpting a section of his piece "Insignificance"]] Mold-blowing was an alternative glassblowing method that came after the invention of free-blowing, during the first part of the second quarter of the 1st century AD.<ref name="Lightfoot">{{cite journal|author=Lightfoot, C.S.|year= 1987|title= A Group of early Roman Mould-Blown Flasks from the West|journal= Journal of Glass Studies |volume=29|pages= 11β18}}</ref><ref name="Pricea">Price, J. (1991). "Decorated Mould-Blown Glass Tablewares in the First century AD". In M. Newby & K. Painter (eds.) ''Roman Glass: Two Centuries of Art and Invention''. pp. 56β75. The Society of Antiquaries of London: London {{ISBN|0-85431-255-2}}</ref> A glob of molten glass is placed on the end of the blowpipe, and is then inflated into a wooden or metal carved mold. In that way, the shape and the texture of the bubble of glass is determined by the design on the interior of the mold rather than the skill of the glassworker.<ref name="Cummings"/> Two types of mold, namely single-piece molds and multi-piece molds, are frequently used to produce mold-blown vessels. The former allows the finished glass object to be removed in one movement by pulling it upwards from the single-piece mold and is largely employed to produce tableware and utilitarian vessels for storage and transportation.<ref name="Tattona">Tatton-Brown, V. (1991). "The Roman Empire". In H. Tait (ed.) ''Five Thousand Years of Glass''. pp. 62β97. British Museum Press: London {{ISBN|0-8122-1888-4}}</ref> Whereas the latter is made in multi-paneled mold segments that join together, thus permitting the development of more sophisticated surface modeling, texture and design. The Roman leaf beaker which is now on display in the J. Paul Getty Museum was blown in a three-part mold decorated with the foliage relief frieze of four vertical plants.<ref name="Wright">{{cite journal|author=Wright, K.|year= 2000|title= Leaf Beakers and Roman Mould-blown Glass Production in the First Century AD|journal=Journal of Glass Studies |volume=42|pages= 61β82}}</ref> Meanwhile, Taylor and Hill<ref name="Taylor">Taylor, M. & D. Hill 1998. Making Roman Glass Today. In The Colchester Archaeologist 11</ref> tried to reproduce mold-blown vessels by using three-part molds made of different materials. The result suggested that metal molds, in particular bronze, are more effective in producing high-relief design on glass than plaster or wooden molds. The development of the mold-blowing technique has enabled the speedy production of glass objects in large quantity, thus encouraging the mass production and widespread distribution of glass objects.<ref name="Pricea"/><ref name="Cuneaz">Cuneaz, G. (2003). "Introduction". In R.B. Mentasti, R. Mollo, P. Framarin, M. Sciaccaluga & A. Geotti (eds.) ''Glass Through Time: history and technique of glassmaking from the ancient world to the present''. pp. 11β30. Skira Editore: Milan {{ISBN|978-88-8491-345-6}}</ref>
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