Editing Gnav (section)

== Related games ==
{{anchor|Hypp}}
=== Hypp ===
'''Hypp''' packs were made in Norway until the 1980s and the game is known as early as 1859 in Denmark (as '''Hyp'''). They were the same as Gnav packs but consisted of only 1 set of the 21 distinct cards. One set of rules accompanying the cards switches the order of the Owl and the Fool. The cards were formerly [[single-ended (cards)|single-ended]], but the most recent packs by Saga Kunstforlag were [[double-ended (cards)|double-ended]].<ref name=Smithb>Smith (1991b), p. 118.</ref>

Hypp is a game of chance in which cards are dealt in 'heaps' (hence the name) and players bet on the cards at the bottom of each heap. It appears related to the French game of Petits Paquets, the game of Bankafalet described by [[Charles Cotton]] in 1674<ref>Cotton (1674), p. 152.</ref> and the old Czech game of Hromadky which is known as far back as 1609.<ref name=Smithb/><ref>Honl (1947), p. 30.</ref>

=== Slabberjan ===
Similar to Gnav but with a different ranking (highest to lowest): Cavalier (''Kap-af'') > Bird (''Vogel'') > Cat (''Poesje'') > Tavern (''Herberge'') > Numerals 12 to 1 > 0 (zero) > Blank (''Blind'', a blank card) > Pot (''Pot'') > Mask (''Smoel'') > Fool (''Nar'').

=== Kille ===
{{main|Kille (card game)}}
The deck comprises 42 cards of a single suit, comprising two copies of 21 distinct cards, in the ranking (highest to lowest):

{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
| style="background: #FBEC5D;" colspan="3" | '''Card names and actions in Kille'''
|-
! Card name
! Swedish
! Action on being challenged
|-
| Cuckoo 
| ''Kuku''
| Holder says "Cuckoo stands!", the round ends and all reveal their cards
|-
| [[Hussar]] 
| ''Husar''
| Holder says "Hussar strikes!", the exchanger is out
|-
| Pig
| ''Husu, Gris''
| Holder says "The pig bites back!", there is no swap and all the earlier swaps are reversed
|-
| Cavalier
| ''Kavall''
| Holder says "Pass the cavalier!" and exchanger challenges the next in line
|-
| Inn or Tavern
| ''Värdshus''
| Holder says "Pass the tavern!" and exchanger challenges the next in line
|-
|   '''1''' – '''12'''
|  ''1 – 12''
| Cards exchanged
|-
|  Wreath
|  ''Kransen''
| Cards exchanged

|-
| Flowerpot 
| ''Blompotten''
| Cards exchanged
|-
|  Mask
| ''Blaren''
| Cards exchanged
|-
| [[Harlequin]]
| ''Harlekin''
| Depends on situation
|}

=== Cuccù ===
{{main|Cuccù}}
The modern deck comprises 40 cards, comprising two copies of 20 distinct cards, in the ranking (highest to lowest):

{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
| style="background: #90EE90;" colspan="3" | '''Card names and actions in Cuccù'''
|-
! Card name
! Italian
! Action on being challenged
|-
| Cuckoo 
| ''Cucco'' (XV)
| Holder says "Cuckoo!" and no exchange takes place
|-
| Hunter (XIIII)&nbsp;{{efn|Inscription: ''Hai pigliato bragon''.}}
| ''Bum, Tuff''&nbsp;{{efn|''Bum'' and ''Tuff'' mean "bang", simulating the hunter's gun.}}
| Holder says "Bang!", no exchange takes place and the exchanger loses a counter
|-
| Horse (XIII)
| ''Salta, Cavallo''&nbsp;{{efn|Inscription: ''Salta'', a horse [[rampant]].}}
| Holder neighs and exchanger must try and swap with the next in line
|-
| Cat (XII)
| ''Gnaf''&nbsp;{{efn|Inscription: ''Gnao''.}}
| Holder miaows; exchanger loses a counter. Earlier exchanges may be reversed
|-
| Tavern (XI)
| ''Taverna''&nbsp;{{efn|Inscription: ''Fermatevi alquanto''.}}
| Holder says "Will you stay a while?" Exchanger may try to encourage a swap
|-
|   '''I''' – '''X'''
|  ''I – X''
| Cards exchanged
|-
|  Nulla
|  ''Nulla''
| Cards exchanged
|-
| Pail&nbsp;{{efn|Inscription: ''Secchia meno di nulla''.}}
| ''Secchio''
| Cards exchanged
|-
|  Mask&nbsp;{{efn|Inscription: ''Mascherone manco di secchia''.}}
| ''Maschera''
| Cards exchanged
|-
|  Lion&nbsp;{{efn|No inscription, a [[lion rampant]] ''added in the early 19th-century''.}}
| ''Leone''
| Cards exchanged
|-
| The Fool&nbsp;{{efn|The Fool has no fixed place in the sequence.}}
| ''Matto''
| Depends on situation
|}

In modern Italy, the game is played with original rules only in the small [[Abruzzi]] towns of [[Campli]] and [[Montorio al Vomano]], both in the [[Teramo]] province. The same cards are also used in [[Brescia]] and [[Bergamo]] provinces but for a completely different, trick-taking game.

=== Vogelspiel or Hexenspiel ===
{{main|Vogelspiel}}
The pack comprises 32 cards with 10 pairs of non-identical picture cards but only one set of 12 numeral cards. They rank from highest to lowest as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
| style="background: #B9D9EB;" colspan="3" | '''Card names and actions in Hexenspiel or Vogelspiel'''
|-
! Card name
!  Austrian/Bavarian
! Action on being challenged
|-
| Bird
| ''Pfeiff''
| No exchange takes place and the exchanger loses two of three lives
|-
| Guard
| ''Werda''
| No exchange takes place and the exchanger loses a life
|-
| Cat
| ''Miau''
| No exchange takes place and the exchanger loses a life
|-
| Horse
| ''Hott''
| No exchange takes place and the exchanger loses a life
|-
| Tavern
| ''Einkerth''
| No exchange takes place and the exchanger loses a life
|-
|   '''I''' – '''X'''
|  ''I – X''
| Cards exchanged. Note: some packs have XI and XII instead of two ''Nullas''.
|-
|  Nulla
|  ''Nulla''
| Cards exchanged. Note: some packs have XI and XII instead of two ''Nullas''.
|-
| Plate
| ''Deller, Teller''
| Cards exchanged
|-
| Sausages
| ''Wurst''
| Cards exchanged
|-
|  Glass
| ''Glas''
| Cards exchanged
|-
| The Fool
| ''Narr''
| Cards exchanged
|-
| Witch
| ''Hex''
| Cards exchanged
|}