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Gottfried Semper
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=== Post-revolutionary period (1849–1855) === After stays in [[Zwickau]], [[Hof, Germany|Hof]], [[Karlsruhe]] and [[Strasbourg]], Semper eventually ended up back in Paris, like many other disillusioned Republicans from the 1848 Revolutions (such as [[Heinrich Heine]] and [[Ludwig Börne]]). In the fall of 1850, he travelled to London, England. But while he was able to pick up occasional contracts — including participation in the design of the funeral carriage for the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]] and the designs of the Canadian, Danish, Swedish, and Ottoman sections of the 1851 [[The Great Exhibition|Great Exhibition]] in the [[The Crystal Palace|Crystal Palace]] — he found no steady employment. If his stay in London was disappointing professionally, however, it proved a fertile period for Semper's theoretical, creative and academic development. He published ''Die vier Elemente der Baukunst'' (''[[The Four Elements of Architecture]]'') in 1851 and ''Wissenschaft, Industrie und Kunst'' (''Science, Industry and Art'') in 1852. These works would ultimately provide the groundwork for his most widely regarded publication, ''Der Stil in den technischen und tektonischen Künsten oder Praktische Ästhetik,'' which was published in two volumes in 1861 and 1863.<ref name="archdic">{{cite book|last = Curl|first = James Stevens|title = A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture|year = 2006|url =https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofarch00curl_0|url-access = registration|type = Paperback|edition =2nd|publisher = Oxford University Press|isbn = 0-19-860678-8|pages = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofarch00curl_0/page/880 880]}}</ref>
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