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Grimpoteuthis
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==Breeding== The cirrate octopuses are classified as 'continuous spawners': Females carry multiple eggs in various stages of maturation, and only lay one or two eggs at a time, with no seasonality in spawning (however, most of these aspects of reproductive biology have only been confirmed in ''Opisthoteuthis'', not ''Grimpoteuthis''). Mating in cirrate octopuses has never been observed, and unlike other octopuses, members of Cirrata lack a [[hectocotylus]] for the transfer of sperm packets.<ref name=Collns-Vllnva-2006/> Cirrate octopus eggs are large and have a tough casing surrounding the [[chorion]] (not found in other octopuses), and ''Grimpoteuthis'' in particular attach their eggs to deep sea corals ([[Octocorallia|octocorals]]).<ref name="Zglr-Millr-Naglmn-2021">{{Cite journal |last1=Ziegler |first1=Alexander |last2=Miller |first2=Abigail |last3=Nagelmann |first3=Nina |year=2021 |title=Novel insights into early life stages of finned octopods (Octopoda: Cirrata) |journal=[[Swiss Journal of Palaeontology]] |volume=140 |issue=1 |page=24 |doi=10.1186/s13358-021-00240-0 |s2cid=245330726 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2021SwJP..140...24Z }}</ref> Unlike other octopuses, the female cirrate octopus does not guard or incubate the eggs.<ref name="Collns-Vllnva-2006" /> ''Grimpoteuthis'' hatchlings emerge as "fully competent" juveniles with all of the sensory and motor features to survive on their own.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shea |first1=Elizabeth K. |last2=Ziegler |first2=Alexander |last3=Faber |first3=Cornelius |last4=Shank |first4=Timothy M. |date=February 2018 |title=Dumbo octopod hatchling provides insight into early cirrate life cycle |journal=[[Current Biology]] |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=R144βR145 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.032 |pmid=29462576 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2018CBio...28.R144S }}</ref><ref name="Zglr-Millr-Naglmn-2021" /> [[Sexual dimorphism]] between males and females is less noticeable and consistent in ''Grimpoteuthis'' compared to other cirrate octopuses (such as ''Opisthoteuthis''). In some species (e.g., ''G. bathynectes''<ref name=Voss-Prcy-1990/> and ''G.. discoveryi''),<ref name=Collins-2003/> the males have enlarged suckers relative to the females, but no such enlargement is found in other ''Grimpoteuthis'' species.<ref name=Collns-Vllnva-2006/>
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