Editing Gully (section)

=== Prevention of gullies ===
Effective land management techniques can prevent gullies. These techniques include keeping vegetation along drainage lines, using more water, classifying drainage lines as distinct land classes, stabilizing erosion, preventing vermin, distributing runoff evenly, keeping soil organic matter levels high, and avoiding over-cultivation. These tactics guarantee uniform rates of penetration and robust plant coverage.<ref name=":0" />

One serious environmental problem endangering sustainable development is gully erosion. Gullying prevention and control methods are dispersed and lacking, and they have low success and efficacy rates.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Frankl |first1=Amaury |last2=Nyssen |first2=Jan |last3=Vanmaercke |first3=Matthias |last4=Poesen |first4=Jean |date=January 2021 |title=Gully prevention and control: Techniques, failures and effectiveness |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.5033 |journal=Earth Surface Processes and Landforms |language=en |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=220–238 |doi=10.1002/esp.5033 |bibcode=2021ESPL...46..220F |hdl=1854/LU-8684568 |s2cid=228807598 |issn=0197-9337|hdl-access=free }}</ref> This review attempts to make a valuable contribution to effective gully prevention and management techniques by combining information from previous research. It is possible to stop the creation of gullies by changing how land is used, conserving water and soil, or implementing specific actions in areas with concentrated flow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-29 |title=Gully Erosion, Definition, Causes, Effects And Prevention - Jotscroll |url=https://www.jotscroll.com/forums/3/posts/159/gully-erosion-definition-causes-effects-and-prevention.html |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.jotscroll.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Plant leftovers and other vegetation barriers can prevent erosion, although their usefulness is limited. The biophysical environment, terrain, climate, and geomorphology are examples of external elements that affect gully prevention and control.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Frankl |first1=Amaury |last2=Nyssen |first2=Jan |last3=Vanmaercke |first3=Matthias |last4=Poesen |first4=Jean |date=January 2021 |title=Gully prevention and control: Techniques, failures and effectiveness |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.5033 |journal=Earth Surface Processes and Landforms |language=en |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=220–238 |doi=10.1002/esp.5033 |bibcode=2021ESPL...46..220F |hdl=1854/LU-8684568 |s2cid=228807598 |issn=0197-9337|hdl-access=free }}</ref>

==== Stabilising gullies ====

Stabilizing gullies entails altering water flow to lessen scouring, sediment buildup, and revegetation. Water can be securely moved from the natural level to the gully floor using a variety of structures, including drop structures, pipe structures, grass chutes, and rock chutes. Structural modifications can be required along steep gully floors. Vegetation can reestablish itself thanks to sediments deposited over flatter gradients. Until the restoration is finished, damaged areas should be walled off.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Department of Jobs |first=Precincts and Regions |date=2020-06-04 |title=Gully erosion - Agriculture |url=https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/farm-management/soil/erosion/gully-erosion |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Agriculture Victoria |language=en-AU}}</ref>

==== Gully remediation in Eastern Nigeria ====
Eastern Nigeria's people and ecology are seriously threatened by gully erosion. A research project focused on 370 families and nine risk regions evaluated the region's gully erosion issues.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shit |first1=Pravat Kumar |last2=Paira |first2=Rumpa |last3=Bhunia |first3=GouriSankar |last4=Maiti |first4=Ramkrishna |date=2015-05-13 |title=Modeling of potential gully erosion hazard using geo-spatial technology at Garbheta block, West Bengal in India |journal=Modeling Earth Systems and Environment |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1–2 |pages=2 |doi=10.1007/s40808-015-0001-x |bibcode=2015MESE....1....2S |s2cid=130635566 |issn=2363-6211|doi-access=free }}</ref> The greatest perceived problem, according to the results, was biodiversity loss. In contrast, damage to properties, roads, and walkways was ranked as the least important issue. This implies a notable variation in the average evaluations across impacted individuals, underscoring the necessity for long-term repair approaches. Reducing soil loss, raising public knowledge of environmental issues, passing environmental legislation, and giving residents funds to strengthen their coping mechanisms are all advised by the study.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Igwe |first1=P. U. |last2=Ajadike |first2=J. C. |last3=Ogbu |first3=S. O. |date=2023-07-05 |title=Assessment of Gully Erosion Problems for its Remediation in Eastern Nigeria |url=https://cepajournal.com/index.php/jems/article/view/117 |journal=Journal of Environmental Management and Safety |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=17 |issn=2141-1824}}</ref>

In Agulu-Nanka, Southeast Nigeria, a study examined the geoenvironmental causes driving gully erosion. It focuses on catchment management for gully erosion and geotechnical analysis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nwankwoala |first=Hycienth O |date=2019-05-28 |title=Gully Erosion and Landslides in Southeastern Nigeria: Causes, Consequences and Control Measures |url=https://irispublishers.com/gjes/fulltext/gully-erosion-and-landslides-in-southeastern-nigeria-causes-consequences-and-control-measures.ID.000541.php |journal=Global Journal of Engineering Sciences |volume=2 |issue=4 |doi=10.33552/GJES.2019.02.000541|s2cid=198419282 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Through fieldwork, data was gathered utilizing GIS and GPS methods. According to the study, gully erosion occurs throughout, with Nanka/Oko having the highest concentration. The gully characteristic map shows variations in length and depth, emphasizing the necessity of considering gully vulnerability and giving erosion hazards immediate attention.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031662 |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=bibliotekanauki.pl}}</ref>