Editing Halaib Triangle (section)

=== 20th century ===
In February 1958, two years after Sudanese independence, with Sudan planning to hold elections in the Triangle,<ref name="parting" /> President [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] of Egypt sent troops into the disputed region for the referendum of the proposed unification between Egypt and [[Syria]] in the [[United Arab Republic]],<ref name="boundary study" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 18, 1958 |title=Egypt Sends Troops To Sudan, Claim To Part Of Territory, Khartoum Rejects Demand |work=[[The Times]] |pages=8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 19, 1958 |title=Sudan Rejects Egypt's Ultimatum, Offer To Discuss Border, Legal Rights To Be Defended 'Whatever The Cost' |work=[[The Times]] |pages=8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 19, 1958 |title=Nasser Moves South |work=[[The Times]] |pages=9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 21, 1958 |title=Sudan Sends Appeal To Security Council, 'Huge Infiltration' By Egyptians |work=[[The Times]] |pages=8}}</ref> but withdrew them the same month.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 26, 1958 |title=Egyptians Slip Away, Tension Eases On Sudan Frontier |work=[[The Times]] |pages=7}}</ref> Halaib was considered part of Sudan's Red Sea State and participated in all Sudanese elections until the last Sudanese election in the late 1980s.

Although both countries continued to lay claim to the land, joint control of the area remained in effect until 1992, when Egypt objected to Sudan's granting of exploration rights for the waters off the Triangle to a Canadian oil company. Negotiations began, but the company pulled out of the deal until sovereignty was settled.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Dunn |first=Michael Collins |date=February 1993 |title=Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia Accuse Sudan, as Halaib Dispute Flares Up |url=https://www.wrmea.org/1993-february/egypt-algeria-and-tunisia-accuse-sudan-as-halaib-dispute-flares-up.html |magazine=[[Washington Report on Middle East Affairs]] |page=33 |issn=8755-4917}}</ref> In July 1994, Sudan sent memoranda to the [[United Nations Security Council]], the [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) and the [[Arab League]] complaining about what it claimed was more than 39 military and administrative incursions by Egypt into Sudanese territory since Sudan had last filed memoranda in May 1993. In January 1995, Egypt rejected a Sudanese request for the OAU Foreign Ministers' Council to review the dispute at their meeting in Addis Ababa.<ref name="south">{{Cite book |last=Ofcansky |first=Thomas |title=Africa South of the Sahara |publisher=[[Europa Publications]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-857-43131-5 |editor-last=Murison |editor-first=Katharine |edition=32nd |page=985 |chapter=Sudan: Recent History}}</ref> Then, after an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Egyptian President [[Hosni Mubarak]] when he arrived in Addis Ababa to attend the meeting, Egypt accused Sudan of complicity, and, among other responses, strengthened its control of the Halaib Triangle, expelling Sudanese police and other officials.<ref name="parting" /><ref name=south/>

In 1998, relations between Egypt and Sudan somewhat improved, and the countries announced their intention to work together to resolve the Halaib Triangle dispute, with increased cooperation between their security forces.  Later that year, though, Sudan accused Egypt of harassing Sudanese citizens in the area, a charge which Egypt denied.  Nevertheless, by March 1999, the countries were in diplomatic discussions aimed at improving relations between them.<ref name="south" /> During a visit to Egypt by Sudanese President [[Omar al-Bashir]] in December 1999, a joint communique was issued pledging to solve the Halaib dispute "in an integrational brotherly context..."<ref name="parting" />

In January 2000, Sudan withdrew its forces from the area, effectively ceding control of the border zone to Egypt, whose forces have occupied and administered the area since.<ref>[http://www.nrc.ch/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/5DEE2FE2E8D63FBB802570B7005A5665/$file/SFp+Monthly+Briefing+Aug02.pdf "A View of Sudan from Africa: Monthly Briefing"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324200602/http://www.nrc.ch/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/5DEE2FE2E8D63FBB802570B7005A5665/$file/SFp+Monthly+Briefing+Aug02.pdf |date=2012-03-24 }}, ''The Machakos Protocol'' (August 2002)</ref>