Editing Han unification (section)

==={{anchor|GCS|UTF-2000}}Alternatives===
There are several alternative character sets that are not encoding according to the principle of Han Unification, and thus free from its restrictions:
*[[CNS character set]]
*[[CCCII character set]]
*[[TRON (encoding)|TRON]]
*[[Mojikyo|''Mojikyō'']]
These region-dependent character sets are also seen as not affected by Han Unification because of their region-specific nature:
*[[ISO/IEC 2022]] (based on sequence codes to switch between Chinese, Japanese, Korean character sets – hence without unification)
*[[Big5#Extensions|Big5 extensions]]
*[[Government Chinese Character Set|GCCS]] and its successor [[HKSCS]]
However, none of these alternative standards has been as widely adopted as [[Unicode]], which is now the base character set for many new standards and protocols, internationally adopted, and is built into the architecture of operating systems ([[Microsoft Windows]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] [[macOS]], and many [[Unix-like]] systems), programming languages ([[Perl]], [[Python Programming Language|Python]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Common Lisp]], [[APL programming language|APL]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]]), and libraries (IBM [[International Components for Unicode]] (ICU) along with the [[Pango]], [[Graphite (SIL)|Graphite]], [[Qt (toolkit)|Scribe]], [[Uniscribe]], and [[Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging|ATSUI]] rendering engines), font formats ([[TrueType]] and [[OpenType]]) and so on.

In March 1989, a [[BTRON|(B)TRON]]-based system was adopted by Japanese government organizations "Center for Educational Computing" as the system of choice for school education including [[compulsory education]].<ref>小林紀興『松下電器の果し状』1章</ref> However, in April, a report titled "1989 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers" from [[Office of the United States Trade Representative]] specifically listed the system as a trade barrier in Japan. The report claimed that the adoption of the TRON-based system by the Japanese government is advantageous to Japanese manufacturers, and thus excluding US operating systems from the huge new market; specifically the report lists MS-DOS, OS/2 and UNIX as examples. The Office of USTR was allegedly under Microsoft's influence as its former officer Tom Robertson was then offered a lucrative position by Microsoft.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Krikke|first1=Jan|title=The Most Popular Operating System in the World|url=http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/31855.html|website=LinuxInsider.com|date=15 October 2003}}</ref> While the TRON system itself was subsequently removed from the list of sanction by [[Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974]] after protests by the organization in May 1989, the trade dispute caused the [[Ministry of International Trade and Industry]] to accept a request from [[Masayoshi Son]] to cancel the Center of Educational Computing's selection of the TRON-based system for the use of educational computers.<ref>大下英治 『孫正義 起業の若き獅子』（{{ISBN|4-06-208718-9}}）pp. 285-294</ref> The incident is regarded as a symbolic event for the loss of momentum and eventual demise of the BTRON system, which led to the widespread adoption of MS-DOS in Japan and the eventual adoption of Unicode with its successor Windows.