Editing Hand-to-hand combat (section)

==Modern usage==
A 2014 study found that, amongst US soldiers deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan between 2004 and 2008, 19% reported the use of hand-to-hand techniques in at least one encounter, in a variety of circumstances and contexts (such as close combat, prisoner handling, crowd control and security checkpoints), supporting prior research that indicated that, despite advances in technology, hand-to-hand combat remained a persistent aspect of modern warfare.<ref>Jensen, Peter R. Hand-to-Hand Combat and the Use of Combatives Skills: An Analysis of United States Army Post Combat Surveys from 2004-2008. MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT NY CENTER FOR ENHANCED PERFORMANCE, 2014.</ref>

Hand-to-hand combat is the principal form of combat during skirmishes between [[Indian Army]] and Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]] soldiers along the disputed Himalayan border between India and the People's Republic of China.  While Chinese and Indian soldiers carry firearms, due to decades of tradition designed to reduce the possibility of an escalation, agreements disallow usage of firearms along this border.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 June 2020|editor-last=Tripathi|editor-first=Ashutosh|title='All border troops carry arms': Jaishankar responds to Rahul Gandhi on Ladakh standoff|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/get-facts-straight-s-jaishankar-on-soldiers-without-arms-in-china-clash/story-73VYyqeWNdFMNMJrX6PWUI.html|access-date=19 June 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>  In the [[2020 China–India skirmishes]], hand-to-hand combat involving stones, batons, iron rods, and other makeshift weapons resulted in the deaths of over 50 soldiers on both sides over six hours of fighting.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|last1=Safi|first1=Michael|last2=Ellis-Petersen|first2=Hannah|last3=Davidson|first3=Helen|date=17 June 2020|title=Soldiers fell to their deaths as India and China's troops fought with rocks|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/17/shock-and-anger-in-india-after-worst-attack-on-china-border-in-decades|access-date=17 June 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=China declines to react to VK Singh's remark that 40 PLA soldiers killed in Galwan Valley clash|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/china-declines-to-react-to-vk-singhs-remarks-that-40-pla-soldiers-killed-in-galwan-valley-clash-102651|access-date=2020-06-22|website=The Tribune|language=en}}</ref>

===Military systems===
* In the [[Soviet Union]], [[Sambo (martial art)|sambo]] (self-defence without weapons) began development in the 1920s for the [[Soviet Armed Forces|military]] and [[NKVD|secret police]] as a fighting system based on indigenous and foreign martial arts. It has since become a [[combat sport]], an international style of [[wrestling]], and foundation for many [[List of Sambo practitioners|MMA fighters]].
**[[ARB (martial art)|ARB]] (Army Hand-to-Hand Combat) is a Soviet martial art based on sambo that began development for the military in 1979. It has since become a popular combat sport in [[Russia]].

* [[Krav Maga]] is an Israeli martial art that was used by [[Haganah|Zionist paramilitary groups]] and subsequently adopted by the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli military]] when it was founded in 1948.
* [[Jieitaikakutōjutsu]] is a military self-defence and fighting system developed for [[JSDF]] personnel. The system primarily consists of hand-to-hand combat, [[bayonet]] and [[knife fighting]] principles.
* In 2002, the [[U.S. Army]] adopted the [[Modern Army Combatives]] (MAC) hand-to-hand combat training program with the publishing of U.S. Army field manual (FM 3-25.150) and the establishment of the U.S. Army Combatives School at [[Ft Benning]], Georgia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2008/05/army_combativesbrief_050108w/ |title=Combatives Program wrestles toward permanency |work=Army Times|date=May 1, 2008  |author=Michelle Tan |access-date=October 12, 2014}}</ref>
**The [[U.S. Air Force]] adopted MAC as its hand-to-hand combat system in early 2008.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Michelle Tan |author2=Erik Holmes |date=January 28, 2008|title=Combatives training inspires Air Force Service to start program like Army's|work=Air Force Times|url=https://upload.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=259x10533|access-date=October 12, 2014}}</ref>

* In the [[U.S. Marine Corps]], [[Marine Corps Martial Arts Program]] (MCMAP) replaced the [[Marine Corps LINE combat system]] in 2002. Each Marine keeps a record book that records their training, and a colored belt system (tan, gray, green, brown, and black in order of precedence) is used to denote experience and skill level, similar to many Asian martial arts.