Editing History of calculus (section)

====Egypt and Babylonia====
{{see also|Ancient Egyptian mathematics|Babylonian mathematics}}
The ancient period introduced some of the ideas that led to [[integral]] calculus, but does not seem to have developed these ideas in a rigorous and systematic way. Calculations of volumes and areas, one goal of integral calculus, can be found in the Egyptian [[Moscow Mathematical Papyrus|Moscow papyrus]] ({{Circa|1820&nbsp;BC}}), but the formulas are only given for concrete numbers, some are only approximately true, and they are not derived by deductive reasoning.<ref>{{cite book | first1=Morris | last1=Kline | title=Mathematical thought from ancient to modern times | volume=1 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-506135-2 | pages=18–21 | date=1990-08-16 }}</ref> [[Babylon]]ians may have discovered the [[trapezoidal rule]] while doing astronomical observations of [[Jupiter]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ossendrijver|first1=Mathieu|title=Ancient Babylonian astronomers calculated Jupiter's position from the area under a time-velocity graph|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|date=29 January 2016|volume=351|issue=6272|pages=482–484|doi=10.1126/science.aad8085|pmid=26823423|bibcode=2016Sci...351..482O|s2cid=206644971}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Signs of Modern Astronomy Seen in Ancient Babylon |journal=New York Times |year=2016 |first=Kenneth |last=Chang|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/29/science/babylonians-clay-tablets-geometry-astronomy-jupiter.html?action=click&contentCollection=science&region=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront}}</ref>