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Hmu language
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===Wu (2009)=== Wu Zhengbiao (2009)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wu |first=Zhengbiao 吴正彪 |date=2009 |title=Qiándōng fāngyán Miáoyǔ tǔyǔ huàfēn wèntí de zài tàntǎo |script-title=zh:黔东方言苗语土语划分问题的再探讨 |trans-title=A Further Exploration into the Division of Miao Patois in Qiandong Dialect |journal=Jíshǒu dàxué xuébào (shèhuì kēxué bǎn) |language=zh |volume=30 |pages=117–121 |doi=10.13438/j.cnki.jdxb.2009.06.018 |script-journal=zh:吉首大学学报(社会科学版) |trans-journal=Journal of Jishou University (Social Science Edition)}}</ref> divides Hmu into seven different dialects. Past classifications usually included only three or four dialects. For example, Li Jinping & Li Tianyi (2012),<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Li |first1=Jinping 李锦平 |title=Miáoyǔ fāngyán bǐjiào yánjiū |last2=Li |first2=Tianyi 李天翼 |date=2012 |publisher=Xinan jiaotong daxue chubanshe |location=Chengdu |language=zh |script-title=zh:苗语方言比较研究 |trans-title=A Comparative Study of Miao Dialects}}</ref> based on past classifications, divide Hmu into the three dialects of Northern,<ref>Representative dialect: Yanghao, Sankeshu, Kaili City 贵州凯里三棵树养蒿</ref> Southern,<ref>Representative dialect: Gaolian, Xiajiang, Congjiang County 贵州从江下江高联</ref> and Eastern.<ref>Representative dialect: Meihua, Zhulin, Tianzhu County 贵州天柱竹林梅花</ref> Datapoint locations of representative dialects are from Li Yunbing (2000).<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Yunbing 李云兵 |title=Miáoyǔ fāngyán huàfēn yíliú wèntí yánjiū |publisher=Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe |year=2000 |location=Beijing |language=zh |script-title=zh:苗语方言划分遗留问题研究}}</ref> *'''Eastern''' (''Representative dialect'': Sanjiang township 三江乡, [[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]], Guizhou) **[[Jinping County, Guizhou|Jinping County]], [[list of administrative divisions of Guizhou|Guizhou]] (in Ouli 偶里寨 of Ouli Township 偶里乡, etc.) ***'''Hekou 河口 dialect''' (10,000+ speakers): spoken in Hekou 河口乡, Wenniu 文牛乡, and Zhanghua 彰化乡 townships<ref name="TuYang2008">{{Cite book |last1=Tu |first1=Guanglu 涂光禄 |title=Jǐnpíng Xiàn Hàn-Dòng-Miáoyǔ fāngyán zhì |last2=Yang |first2=Jun 杨军 |date=2008 |publisher=Guizhou daxue chubanshe |isbn=978-7-81126-044-1 |location=Guiyang |language=zh |script-title=zh:锦屏县汉侗苗语方言志}}</ref> ***'''Ouli 偶里 dialect''' (20,000+ speakers): spoken in Pinglve 平略乡, Ouli 偶里乡, Zhaizao 寨早乡, Jiaosan 皎三乡, Maoping 茅坪乡, Guazhi 挂治乡, Pingjin 平金乡, and Suijiang 稳江乡, Loujiang 娄江乡, and Tongpo 铜坡乡 townships<ref name="TuYang2008" /> ***'''Yuhe 裕河 dialect''' (about 3,000 speakers): spoken in Yuhe 裕河乡, Xinmin 新民乡, and Guben 固本乡 townships<ref name="TuYang2008" /> ***'''[[Sanqiao language|Sanqiao]] 三锹话'''<ref>{{cite conference |url=https://www.academia.edu/121034570/The_core_lexicon_of_Sanqiao_a_Hmongic_language_of_Guizhou |title=The core lexicon of Sanqiao: a Hmongic language of Guizhou |last=Hsiu |first=Andrew |date=2024 |location=Taipei |conference=SEALS 33 (33rd Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society)}}</ref> **[[Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County|Jingzhou County]], [[list of administrative divisions of Hunan|Hunan]] (in Caidiwan 菜地湾,<ref name="Chen2013" /> etc.) **[[Huitong County]], [[list of administrative divisions of Hunan|Hunan]] *'''Northern''' (''Representative dialect'': Yanghao village 养蒿村, Guading town 挂丁镇, [[Kaili City|Kaili city]], Guizhou) **[[Kaili City|Kaili]] (in Yanghao 养蒿 of Guading Township 挂丁镇, etc.) **[[Leishan County]] **[[Taijiang County]] **[[Shibing County]] **Gedong 革东镇 in [[Jianhe County]] **[[Huangping County]] **[[Fuquan County]] **[[Weng'an County]] **[[Xingren County]] **parts of [[Anlong County]] **Yangwu 杨武乡, Longquan 龙泉镇, Paidiao 排调镇, Xingren 兴仁镇 townships, and also parts of Yahui 雅灰乡 in [[Danzhai County]] **[[Duyun]] ***Bagu Township 坝固镇: Jijia 鸡贾, Yanglie 羊列, Baduo 把朵, Metao 么陶 ***Wangsi Township 王司镇: Taohua 桃花, Xinchang 新场, Wulu 乌路, Wuzhai 五寨 ***Pu'an Township 普安镇: Zongjiang 总奖村, Guanghua 光华村, Xingfu 幸福村 *'''Northeastern''' **Zhaitou 寨头村, Baye 巴冶村, and Liangshan 良上村 villages of [[Sansui County]] **Gaoyongzhai 高雍寨, Guanme Township 观么乡, [[Jianhe County]] *'''Western''' (including [[Raojia language|Raojia]]; ''Representative dialect'': Baixing village 白兴村, Heba township 河坝乡, [[Majiang County]], Guizhou) **Heba Village 河坝村, Longshan Township 龙山乡, [[Majiang County]] **Raohe Village 绕河村, Luobang Township 洛邦乡, [[Duyun]] (also in Pingzhai 坪寨 of Wu'ai Village 五爱村) *'''Southern''' (''Representative dialect'': Yangpai village 羊排村, Yangwu township 扬武乡, [[Danzhai County]], Guizhou) **[[Sandu County]]: Lalan 拉揽乡 (in Paishaozhai 排烧寨, etc.), Jiaoli 交梨乡, Dujiang 都江镇 townships; Jialan 甲揽, Yangwu 羊吴, Dediao 的刁, Hongguang 红光, and Wuyun 巫匀 villages of Pu'an Township 普安镇 **[[Danzhai County]]: Paidao 排岛 and Paimo 排莫 of Yahui Township 雅灰乡 *'''Southeastern 1''' (''Representative dialect'': Datu village 大土村, Jiuqian township 九迁乡, [[Libo County]], Guizhou) **Datu 大土村, Shuiwei 水维村, and Jialiao 甲料村 villages in Jiarong 佳荣镇 Township, [[Libo County]] **parts of Jiajiu 加鸠乡 Township, [[Congjiang County]] **Xunle Township 馴乐苗族乡, [[Huanjiang County]] *'''Southeastern 2''' (''Representative dialect'': Zhenmin 振民, Gongdong township 拱洞乡, [[Rongshui County]], Guangxi) **Bingmei 丙妹镇, Tingdong 停洞乡, Cuili 翠里乡, and much of the Yueliangshan 月亮山 area in [[Congjiang County]] **[[Rongjiang County]] **[[Rongshui County]] (in Gunqinzhai 滚琴寨 of Dongtou Township 洞头乡, Yaogao 尧告,<ref name="Chen2013">{{Cite book |last=Chen |first=Qiguang 陈其光 |title=Miáo-Yáo yǔwén |date=2013 |publisher=Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe |location=Beijing |language=zh |script-title=zh:苗瑶语文 |trans-title=Miao and Yao Language}}</ref> etc.) **[[Sanjiang County]] **[[Northern Vietnam]] (Lang Son, Cao Bang, Bac Kan, and Tuyen Quang provinces): [[Ná-Meo language|Na Meo]] language<ref name="Hsiu2015" />
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