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Ho-Chunk language
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=== Dorsey's law=== There is a notable sound law in Ho-Chunk called Dorsey's law{{cn|date=May 2025}} which dictates the following: * /ORS/ → [OSRS] where O is a voiceless obstruent, R is a resonant, and S a syllabic sound. In other words, if there is an underlying voiceless obstruent (in Ho-Chunk, /p/, /c/, /k/, /s/, /š/, and /x/) followed by resonant (/r/, /n/, or /w/), the vowel following the resonant is copied into the proceeding consonant cluster. All Dorsey's Law sequences attested in the language are listed below, with V representing the copied vowel:<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Miner|last2=Dorsey|date=1979|title=Dorsey's Law in Winnebago-Chiwere and Winnebago Accent|journal=International Journal of American Linguistics|volume=45|pages=25–33|doi=10.1086/465571|s2cid=144853982}}</ref> * pVnV * pVrV * kVnV * kVrV * kVwV * sVnV * sVrV * sVwV * šVnV * šVrV * šVwV * cVwV * xVnV * xVrV * xVwV Multiple sources advocate that Dorsey's law is a [[synchrony and diachrony|synchronic]] process in the language because of the way that other processes like stress assignment and the morphological process of [[reduplication]] are affected by it.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Miner|first=Kenneth L.|date=1989|title=Winnebago Accent: The Rest of the Data|journal=Anthropological Linguistics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Miner|first=Kenneth|date=1993|editor-last=Oliverio|editor-first=Giulia|editor2-last=Linn|editor2-first=Mary Sarah|title=On some theoretical implications of Winnebago phonology|journal=Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics|volume=18}}</ref> Dorsey's law can apply within a single morpheme, as in /pra/ becoming [para] in the word ''paras'' '(be) wide, flat', or across morpheme boundaries, as in /šra/ becoming [šara] in the word ''šaraše'' 'you go there', where ''š'' is the second person pronominal prefixing to the verb ''rahe'' 'to be going there'.
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